Friendship Between George and Lennie Essay

In the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ Steinbeck stresses the importance and abnormality of the friendship between George and Lennie by using a variety of methods. They are complete opposites, yet they share a journey through the struggles of The Great Depression as friends and have faith in the same dream. This pulls them together through the most stressful parts of the novel. These two itinerant workers meet many people along their journey, but the bond between them doesn’t weaken. Right from the beginning of the novel, Steinbeck has portrayed the relationship between Lennie and George appears abnormal. Steinbeck uses dialogue as a method to show the father and son roles between Lennie and George, â€Å"Look, George, look what I done†. This suggests that Steinbeck wants to show Lennie as having the mind of a little boy; when he says this, you think of when a son would say this to a father figure – in this case George – in order to get some kind of r eaction. It is as if Lennie is trying to impress George. This is quite strange, between grown men of around the same age – remembering that Lennie is a fully grown man, but has the mind of a five year old. The author uses historical context as a method and 3rd person narration to allow other people’s views about George and Lennie to be expressed, â€Å"I never seen one guy take so much trouble for another guy.† This implies, that even form one of the first characters that George and Lennie come across, we already get the impression that others think that Lennie and George have a weird friendship and an unlikely bond. A lot of the characters have a tone made to sound suspicious, which I think is purposely written in to the novel be John Steinbeck. People found it unusual because at the time of the Great Depression, no one had friends because everyone was in competition for the same jobs. The other characters noticed this and thought that it was strange. John Steinbeck uses description as a method to emphasise the unusual nature of the friendship between George and Lennie, â€Å"Behind him walked hi opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This suggests that these two men completely contrast each other in looks, as well as state of mind. This makes you wonder why George sticks around Lennie, if he is according to the book, a handsome, smart man. They are opposites in everything, but love each other like brothers. George is very fit, healthy and ready to brace anything thrown at him, whereas Lennie is described as much more careless and in a world of his own. This shows contrasting personalities. From the start of the novel, Lennie is shown to be very childlike. John Steinbeck used metaphors as a method to show this, â€Å"dabbed his big paw†. A big paw is suggesting that Lennie has animalistic qualities, whether that is looks or behaviour; I think it is both. Because of these animalistic qualities, I think that Lennie is immature and hard to handle. This makes the friendship between Lennie and George seem strange because I think to myself â€Å"why would George want to stay around Lennie?† Even though Lennie could wind George up and test his patience, they stick by each other. Throughout the novel, Steinbeck uses foreshadowing as a method to portray how weird Lennie and Georges friendship is, â€Å"He aint no good to you, Candy.† Earlier in the story, Candy’s old dog was shot dead by Carlson, because they decided that he was of no use to anyone anymore. Candy then told George that it would be more comforting to know that he shot the dg himself. At the end of the novel, George shot Lennie â€Å"and he pulled the trigger† because he knew that Lennie didn’t need to live anymore and would be better in heaven. George killed Lennie himself because he remembered what Candy told him about the dog. This is a perfect example of the author using correlation. Also, at the start of the novel, they were on t he run and if George hadn’t shot Lennie, they would have to run again. This shows a cyclical occurrence. Steinbeck’s idea about this friendship makes me realise that it would be extremely unusual to form a friendship during the Great Depression due to everyone fighting for jobs at the same ranches. However, Lennie and George did not compete, they stuck together and found jobs at the same ranch. Lennie treats George like a father and George needs Lennie as a companion. I think this is why they work so well together; it is because they need each other. Their friendship reaches its ultimate test, when George has to choose whether or not to shoot Lennie, as self-sacrifice. However, everything that George does for Lennie is in Lennie’s best interest. John Steinbeck makes the friendship seem unusual, but deep down, I think that it is really just natural for them to need a companion.

Defects in Society Essay

â€Å"The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature. The moral is that the shape of society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectable. The whole book is symbolic in nature.† — William Golding In lord of the flies, Golding expresses elements of multiple defects in society that can be traced to be defects in human nature. Whether it’s lack of self-control, violence, savagery, authority, common stereotypes, etc., we’re all accountable for our defects as people. I believe the characters portrayed within the book also give us a good sense of what our society is like in present day. Characters such as Ralph demonstrate a good, authoritative, head-on-shoulders kind of person, a person wanting to be in charge to keep order, their interest being for the betterment of the people, a positive side for society. While characters such a Jack show a selfish, power hungry, discriminatory side of society, which leads to all things negative. Both characters are very much alike in a sense though. As people, we strive to be the best we can and if getting there means we have to incorporate both sides, then we’ll do it. Components of society such as lack of self-control, violence, savagery, authority, societal stereotypes, etc., are demonstrated immensely throughout the book. Golding expresses this with examples such as the boys jumping to conclusions about Simon and putting him to his death with the threat of him being the ‘beast’, the superiority vs. inferiority expressed with the dividing of the two groups; the â€Å"Biguns† and the Littluns†, then you have Jack as a prime example of lack of self-control where he becomes power hungry in the sense of an authority leader, removing ralph from his position and gaining the respect of the tribe just as Ralph had once did. A societal stereotype demonstrated within lord of the flies is the fact that throughout the whole novel, Piggy was unnamed, no one even bothered to know his name, and he died nameless. The boys had placed an initial view on him and proceeded to not inquire about him any longer. This happens in our society on a daily basis. We place a label on someone, push them away, humiliating those who differ, and making them outcasts. I believe this was a strong statement from Golding’s perspective. As a society, I believe Golding was trying to communicate that essentially, when the going gets tough, we just give up. When we’re faced with difficult situations or put in a predicament we’re not exactly comfortable with or is not considered our norm, we turn the other cheek and shy away from what’s in front of us. This was demonstrated within the novel as the boys we’re getting too in over their heads about their horrid fears of the beast. Not actually knowing what is was, they let their fears get the better of them without investigating, only to find out that it was the farthest thing from a beast; a simple parachutist. Obviously, their situation was different to today’s standards, but the idea’s similar. As stated previously as a societal component, savagery played a large part throughout Lord of the Flies. This was communicated between aspects of civilization also. Both were demonstrated by Golding with a few major symbols within the novel; those being the conch shell, as well as the Lord of the flies, which both are represented by Ralph and Jack. Throughout the chapters, you see the aspects of savagery come out more with jacks’ person. From the times of leaving the signal fire in times of hunting, he has lost his sense of innocence. It became a situation of food over thought. With the conch, it was solely the deciding factor of who had authority within the group or whose turn it was to speak essentially. This still conducted order and made things run smoothly. Everyone had adapted to it for the time being until savagery took over and the killing of piggy ended the custom of the conch as well. In conclusion, despite the various aspects William Golding has incorporated into Lord of the Flies to demonstrate the defects in society being traced to the defects in human nature, everything within the book still remains true today and I definitely believe that’s what he was going for. He wanted something for civilization to read and reflect upon and that’s exactly what I’ve done. How he’s incorporated societal views, perspectives and problems and found a way to relate it back to a group of young boys stranded on an island fighting for survival is intriguing.

Urban form and sense of security

This study tries to explore human perceptions of security In urban environments, by Investigating the impact of design actors in the built environment on an individual's perception of personal safety in that space. This study was carried out within the context of an urban design study rather than within a human psychology-based study. To validate these factors a site from the traditional fabric of Mohammedan is studied and is compared with the same factors at a site in the newer fabric of the city.The paper finally attempts to establish the relevance of the traditional urban form within contemporary city developments, in achieving better sense of security in public spaces. Understanding of the basic theme a. Deflation of Sense of security Sense of security In simple terms can be defined as a human feeling that makes the person convinced that he she is safe and secure in a particular place or context. The person with a sense of security is not feared of any force which can be a person , a group of persons or an animal or any other manmade / ‘supernatural' force which can put them in danger (physical or mental damage).People develop specific fears as they learn about certain people, objects, animals or natural/ ‘supernatural' forces. A child was conditioned to fear a white rat in the laboratory might fear even other white, furry objects Kenny P. Joy I 2 traumatic accident. For example, if a child falls into a well and struggles to get out, he or she may develop a fear of wells, heights (acrophobia), enclosed spaces (claustrophobia), or water (aqua phobia). There are studies looking at areas of the brain that are affected in relation to fear. L Variation in the definition.The definition of sense of security varies from person depending on their age, gender, and cultural background. In all of these categories there is a weaker section which is feared of the other group or some external force, be it manmade or ‘supernatural'. In the case of gender, women being weaker by physical strength fear f attacks of men on them in form of sexual assault, rape, eve teasing etc. Whereas in the case of age, children, being weaker in physical strength, associated lack of mental maturity in understanding the reality, make them fear of adults or even ‘supernatural' powers who can pose harm to them.Often cultural backgrounds affect the sense of security since form, color, light, sound, smell and other characteristics which are a part of any space will have different meanings in different cultures. The concept of sense of security is not confined to people who belong to any of the weaker groups of these categories but is applicable to any person. For example an able bodied adult male who does not belong to those weaker groups, also is prone to dangers of attack or theft in the public by criminals or animals. The fact that he is also in danger, inculcates a lack of sense of security within him.Here, when it was discussed about the about the victim of such an attack losing sense of security, we should not 1 http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Little_Albert_experiment 3 forget that the sense of security of these criminals too are in question. They are again in a fear of danger from being caught by police. Though these are some of the basic factors that determine a person's sense of security, sense of fear in various forms is generated in a person due to the physical character and quality of the space where he is placed.For a person, the sense of security within an urban space is primarily linked with the level of familiarity, which means a sense of fear is generated in the person automatically in an uncertain environment. Fear can channel one's energies away from areas of perceived threats and into directions that seem safe. Fear is a distressing negative sensation induced by a perceived threat and is a basic survival mechanism in response to a specific tumulus, such as pain or the threat of danger. Factors that determine sense of security in an urban space. Acre level to micro level. At a macro level the location and the context of the urban space of study determines the sense of security of the person using it. This factor has an impact on the way a person moves within a city through preferential selection of routes which give him a sense of security. The next factor that affects the sense of security includes characters at precinct level – legibility and permeability. Legibility of the space makes a person free from getting clueless in an unknown urban space by aging the place more graspable for the user.Permeability helps in removing the feeling of a strange enclosure for a user in an unknown place with provision of number of visible alternative routes. These qualities are predominantly dictated by the form of the urban space. 4 Further going down into smaller levels, there are fine elements within the urban space including visual and non visual elements, which makes the space feel secure for t he user. They include factors such as width of the space or street, lighting level, sound, smell, architectural details, artifacts, etc..Besides characteristics of a space, he sense of security is also created by the kind of people who are associated with the space directly or indirectly. This dimension which comes into the picture while defining the sense of security is territorial definitions. When the territories of an urban space is defined well by the associated people through physical elements like form, character, details etc. Or non physical elements like activities, sound, smell, their cultural expressions etc. It creates a sense of non belonging or unfamiliarity (often attached with fear) for a person entering into the transition space.Definition of an urban space that offers sense of security: The sense of security of an urban space cannot be defined in terms discreet qualities which secure a safe feeling to any particular group (weaker group) of people discussed above ne ither can it be defined in terms of any quality which acts at a particular scale (micro to macro as discussed above), but is a quality which is a complex of all the above mentioned factors at all scales acting upon any person at any particular time in a particular urban space.Time become another factor defining the sense of security as various processes along he time, make the visual and non visual qualities of the space change accordingly. Time determines the type and intensity of activities happening in any urban space changing the level of sense of security throughout the day. The sense of security in urban space is relatively high when the perceived activity level of a particular urban 5 space is high for which time is a very important factor to be considered.The lack of activities, proper lighting, attack of dogs etc create an environment in Mohammedan city wherein beyond midnight and before dawn level of sense of security will be extremely low. Since the control of built form design has little to do with the perceived sense of security during the odd hours of the night, the study limits its scope into the non – odd hours. Relevance of sense of security in urban design: Sense of security adds on to the quality of an urban space.Proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and improvement of the quality of life. Recent trends and concepts of urbanism across the world, being learnt from the mistakes of the past forms of unsustainable urban development, have been stressing and demanding distance friendly urban spaces and networks to get integrated with mass public transit systems. Sense of security, therefore becomes an essential quality of the urban streets and other spaces to bring in people into walking who have once left walking and resorted to private vehicles.Establishing the relationship of sense of security with the design of urban space Factors that determine sense of sec urity in an urban space: The above discussion identifies two key factors whose subcategories can be listed down as the elements that determine the sense of security in the urban pace which include: The form of the urban space: This multidimensional element can be broken down into further sub elements such as street width, built form height, street enclosure ratio, building setbacks, texture of the surface, porosity of the built envelope, the size or the footprint of the buildings and permeability. Relation of the interiors with exteriors: Though the discussion is predominantly about the sense of security in urban space or the space between buildings, the spatial configuration and the relation of the interiors with the exterior spaces is an important factor. The elements which define this relationship are as follows: Compound wall, position of the entrance into the building, level difference of the ground level with the pedestrian surface level, presence of parking space in front of the building, amount of vegetation in front of the building, percentage of openings in the building elevation etc.Validation of these factors through case studies of urban spaces in traditional urban form: To understand and validate these findings in reality, urban spaces in the traditional built fabric of Mohammedan: Teen Darwin precinct with neighborhoods around (fig 1). The dense built fabric with low rise attached built structures housing a mix of uses predominantly residential and typology plays an important role in the keeping up the perceived sense of security. Urban spaces in between purely residential built environments often interact with the pedestrians very weakly and the level of activity is very less.This space gets activated as more and more building uses and activities like commercial or cultural activities gets inserted into it as what is seen in the site under study. The urban form is characterized by narrow pedestrian scale streets with small building footprints. The built form itself evolved out of strong social relations which in these neighborhoods. The territoriality was strongly marked by an area within which the inmates engaged themselves throughout the day – the flower shop, temple, vegetable and grocery shop, work place (often at not so far distance from the neighborhood till recent times).The public space seeps into the residential transition 7 spaces (verandah). The presence of large openings on the building fade always gives the pedestrian a sense that people can see him or in other words gives a sense f presence of people (rather than alienated or lonely) while moving through these public spaces. The In short, the perceived level of activity is high which in turn maintains a high level of natural surveillance. This traditional fabric essentially thus maintains a high level of perceived activity throughout the day and even late hours of the night.Fig 1 – Site map (Source – Google Earth) Fig 2 – Built fo rm (source – Author) Contemporary scenario: Understanding the changes occurred to the urban form structured by new principles which are predominantly non pedestrian and how it affected sense of security in public spaces: The perceptions and meanings of security have changed over time as technology transformed the form of the cities and the way in which they work. The built form which was predominantly fine grained became coarser and coarser as well as loosely packed.This transformation was in fact a product of the process of evolution of the urban form which got mutated by the insertion of automobile movements. The new age lifestyle redefined the character and qualities of living and work environments. As Kenny P. Joy I 8 making them shift to new comfortable and faster modes of movement through automobiles. This in turn affected the pattern of distribution of facilities and various building uses essentially disturbing the pedestrian scale of streets. The conventional planning principles made cities which are large grained with wide roads and segregated activity zones for different activities.This made the Indian city devoid of it original character and vibrancy created by a vibrant mix of activities or land uses. The city became more and more complex in its physical and social systems which supported it. Crimes rates rose in new forms and the sheer number which in turn affected the notion of public space as an alien space. People took time to associate themselves with public spaces and minors generally are discouraged in using public spaces especially in odd hours. Though systems to ensure security through police or security personnel as well as technological advancements (like CATV surveillance, mobile tracking systems etc. Have been put into use in public spaces, they work in their own limitations. Moreover for a pedestrian using the public space, these systems are additional backup systems of security which still hold a second place after the basic i nstincts or the responses to the environment through which he / she s moving. Demonstration through a case study: The site selected for understanding the change happened in the urban form is the newly developed area on the western side of Mohammedan – Nehru Magna Junction precinct (shown in fig 3).The site is located along BRATS corridor – a conventionally planned area in the Western side of Mohammedan city. The neighborhood and the adjoining commercial belt got developed into its current form after the insertion of the BRATS corridor in 2010. 9 Fig 3 – Site plan (Source – Google Earth) It has got a mix of housing typologies ranging from low rise apartments cluster of mall footprints as well as taller apartment complexes with few or nil commercial spaces in the ground floor.Since the streets are designed for vehicles, the street widths are large and lack elements make them pedestrian friendly. The built form includes typically, discreet built forms formin g islands (or array of islands) within open spaces unlike the previous case where the open spaces formed the islands in between the built form. The spaces between the buildings which contained human activities in the previous case became spaces of movement here. Relationship of the built form with on street pedestrian became weak due to many factors.The built form of especially the residential neighborhoods is characterized by residential buildings separated from the street space with a compound wall needing for more privacy within the property. The low rise built forms as residences or the second Kenny P. Joy I typology found are the tall apartments which may or not have commercial space in the ground floor. A family claim to a territory diminishes proportionally as the number of families who share that claim increases. (Oscar Newman. Creating Defensible Space).In these tall apartment blocks, the number of dwellers is so high hat, they hardly take any responsibility or rather use i t considerably to a basic level of activity. This makes the space further inactive and less maintained bringing down the level of sense of security of that space. The other qualities of urban form that determine the sense of security includes permeability and variety. Conclusion This study examines the relationship and role of urban form and typology in determining the level of activity as well as natural surveillance which are the quintessential determiners of sense of security any urban space.In above discussions on case studies, a significant trend observed is the evolution of built arms to achieve more privacy. When the built form is evolved out of a process in which pedestrian behavior, activities and his response with nature is structuring principle, the sense of security a pedestrian enjoys is much higher than in an urban space within a built form structured by behavior and movement pattern supported by automobiles.Mohammedan city current growth is through a form of developme nt which is a characteristic of the latter case. In the contemporary urban development where dimensions of privacy, demands of new lifestyle and perceptions of security eve changed urban form, the traditional urban form may not be possible to be recreated as it is, but the principles of the same can be incorporated within to create urban spaces which may not render a sense of fear in the users. 11 Reference Books Phaedra,Shills, Khan, Camera and Errand, Shills.

Critical assessment of an article by the anthropologist Peter Essay

Critical assessment of an article by the anthropologist Peter Rudiak-Gould - Essay Example ibility of climate change - and the golden mean, â€Å"constructive visibilism† (Rudiak-Gould, 2013, p.128), yet focusing on the implications and ideological, social and political context standing behind these stances rather than the stances themselves. The source of the controversy lies in the fact that one cannot see climate change itself, but rather its impacts and manifestations. Visibility of climate change is viewed as the opportunity to see the climate change with the unaided eye, whereas invisibility addresses the scientific aspect implying that witnessing climate change without any scientific devices and measurements is impossible. In the argumentation, the author unfolds social, political and cultural factors underlying both approaches, for instance, profound incompatibility of democratic (predominantly empirical) view and undemocratic position of science: in fact, this opposition is an important balancing power, because assumption of visibility devaluates the status of scientists. Science, asserting that climate change is invisible, has been accumulating data via observation, testing and other methods (Weber & Stern, 2011, p.315); at the same time, numerous indigenous peoples have been insisting on visibility of climate change, as they face its impacts themselves. The compilation of articles edited by Koppel Maldonado et al. (2014) takes the stance of visibility, incorporating articles describing experiences of climate change in indigenous peoples of America. Rudiak-Gould’s argumentation concerning indigenous advocates of visibility is supported in Wildcat’s article, expressing a similar point: whereas most citizens â€Å"form opinions about climate change† via mass media, frontline ethnicities become aware of it through the practical experiences of their lifeway (Wildcat, 2013, p.2). As Rudiak-Gould states, inhabitants of urban areas are unaware of climate change, in other words, they view it as short- or long-term weathe r changes and typically access

Office furniture ksf Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Office furniture ksf - Research Paper Example One of the concepts that can enhance flexibility in the production of office furniture is the adaptation of the flexibility manufacturing systems that further enhance flexibility. However, such systems require high capital investments to install as well as operate such systems therefore; most of the small as well as medium companies may not be able to install such systems (Dima, 2013). Some of the benefits of the Flexible production processes include maximization of production and hence more profits. Keeping in mind flexible production processes such as the utilization of the FMS enhance the quality of the goods been manufactured. Consequently, such systems reduce the labor cost since fewer workers will be required to run the systems. This is because the production process in such cases involves the use of machines rather than the use of the conventional methods that necessitate more workers. Moreover, such systems increase the speed of production. New Product development is very important in the manufacturing of office furniture. This is due to the high competition in the market. This process may entail the innovation of new products or the development of the existing products. New products are very essential for survival especially in a competitive market. However, the innovation of new product must be followed by marketing strategies that push the products into the market (Dima, 2013). Moreover, furniture manufacturers need are forced to innovate new products due to the change in consumer wants, therefore increasing completion as well advances in technology. Moreover, a furniture manufacturer can engage in the production of new product in order to capitalize on new opportunities. For the manufacturer to capitalize on new opportunities they must understand thoroughly the customer wants; as well as develop new products that

Feedback from Instructor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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EBay Usability Testing Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EBay Usability Testing Evaluation - Essay Example EBay Corporation offers online marketing for the sale e-commerce of goods and services. Moreover, this corporation offers platforms and online payment solutions to various community of businesses and individuals. The main purpose that usability is so important is because there are numerous websites, which are offering similar services that people will visit if the previous one is not operational. EBay Inc. depends on their web existence in the mandate to accomplish their online objectives. Likewise, a user of eBay website will articulate a judgment about that company, which is strongly associated with the manner at which they view its website. Moreover, operational websites escalate user satisfaction while websites which infringe usability agreements obscure users and cause in a loss of returns for other companies.Through enhancing usability, it is a great manner to motivate users to visit this website in its place of the websites that fit into its competitors. This is frequently a m ethodology that retains customers. High-quality websites are simple to use therefore, attracting users and give a specific site a competitive advantage. Some of individuals who create a usability test prudently create a situation whereby an individual accomplishes a list of responsibilities that a user who is using the services for the first time is likely to understand the functions. Someone else watches and pays attention to the individual who is carrying out the responsibilities while taking minutes.

How effectively does Congress use its powers over foreign policy Essay

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Organizational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Final Paper Preparation Essay Example for Free

Final Paper Preparation Essay This assignment will prepare you for the Final Paper by initiating the research process and helping you map out specific events and developments which you will explore in depth in your paper. Review the instructions for the Final Paper laid out in Week Five of the online course or the Components of Course Evaluation section of the Course Guide before beginning this project. Note, that for the Final Paper you will need to discuss at least six specific events or developments related to your chosen topic For this assignment, you will choose your topic and the six (or more) related events and developments that span the years 1865 to the present. You will then find one scholarly source related to each event or development plus two additional scholarly sources for a total of 8 scholarly sources in addition to your textbook. At least four of your scholarly sources must come from the Ashford Library and at least two of your sources must be primary sources. Primary sources are documents or artifacts that were created at the time of a historical event or by someone who personally experienced a historical event. Primary sources can be newspaper or magazine articles, books, letters, speeches, photographs, oral histories, paintings or any other record of a historical event. The best place to find scholarly sources is the Ashford Library’s research databases and ebook collection. In a paragraph or two at the beginning of the paper, state your thesis and identify the events and developments you will discuss in your final paper and explain why you believe they are significant. Your thesis should be a one or two sentence summary of the main conclusions that you drew while researching your topic and that you will support in your paper by constructing a logical argument based on evidence (sources). You will then create an annotated bibliography. To create an annotated bibliography, list each source in full APA reference format. Then, beneath each source write a brief (one or two paragraph) explanation of the important information in the source and how you plan to use it in your paper. The annotations must be in your own words. It is not acceptable to copy and paste the abstract or any other text. You must have annotations for all 8 sources. Please notice that you have been provided with many wonderful primary and secondary sources in the required reading and recommended reading sections for each week. Feel free to use these sources when constructing your assignment. Please visit the Academic Research section on your Course Home page (accessible through the Student Responsibilities and Policies tab on the left navigation toolbar) to review what types of materials are not acceptable for academic, university level research. This assignment must meet the following minimum requirements: †¢The paper must be three pages in length and formatted according to APA style. †¢You must use at least eight scholarly resources other than the textbook to support your claims. †¢You must use at least one scholarly source for each event or development plus two more scholarly sources for a total of 8 scholarly sources. †¢You must use at least two primary sources and at least four scholarly secondary sources from the Ashford Online Library. †¢You must provide a concise thesis statement. †¢You must provide a short (1-2 paragraphs) annotation for each source. †¢You must cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, located within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar. Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment. The American Society changed drastically in the first two decades after the First World War. The 1920s seems to have been more flourishing whereas the 1930s were more of a struggle. The â€Å"1920s represented a transitioning point between traditional and modern America† (Bowles, 2011). Scandals and corruption were more publicized as with the Teapot Dome Scandal and the allegation of Harding’s affair. But even with the negative things there were plenty of positive changes occurring. City  populations were increasing, President Harding â€Å"was responsible for establishing the important Veteran’s Bureau which worked to give war veterans and their families a variety of social benefits such as health care, education, loans, insurance, and job training (Bowles, 2011), and after Harding’s death Calvin Coolidge made some positive transformations as well. Cooli dge â€Å"won acclaim for lowering taxes four times and he was careful with government spending† (Bowles, 2011). It was under Coolidge’s policies that â€Å"the standard living in the United States improved for all but most dramatically for the wealthiest Americans† (Bowles, 2011). American’s now had money to spend on material things and businesses developed the technique of buying on credit to ensure that people had a way to buy their products. Also in the 1920s â€Å"new morality swept across the country fueled by modern expressions of sexuality and the emergence of redefined gender roles for what came to be called the New Woman† (Bowles, 2011). Music also flourished in the 1920s and â€Å"jazz was the soundtrack of the decade† (Bowles, 2011). Along with music came improved entertainment. â€Å"Entrepreneurs began building ‘popular amusements’ such as mechanical rides, penny arcades, and concert halls† (Bowles, 2011). Racism was still very much an issue in the 1920s and proof of this was the continued expansion of the Ku Klux Klan which had millions of members in all 48 states (Bowles, 2011). This issue led to the Great Migration where â€Å"southern African Americans, tired of racial segregation, left the South to find work and a better life, primarily in industrial cities in the North† (Bowles, 2011). However African Americans still faced discrimination in the North. The 1930s were almost opposite from the 1920s. The 1930’s started off at a very bad time with the Stock Market crashing and launching The Great Depression. The Great Depression left millions without jobs, broke up families, and caused the most intense economic strains (Bowles, 2011). Along with The Great Depression in the 1930s the country also suffered the â€Å"worst drought in the nation’s history† (Bowles, 2011). What was positive for this decade was Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor. These two individuals brought great changes to the 1930s. Franklin D. Roosevelt brought the New Deal to the people. The New Deal â€Å"was an undefined hope for change, but it eventually became a series of programs  that fundamentally reshaped America and included the beginnings of the modern welfare system and increasing powers of regulation for the federal government† (Bowles, 2011). These â€Å"programs reinterpreted the relationship between the people and their government† (Bowles, 2011). The New Deal soon faced criticism as many people did not agree with the government having so much control over their person al matters. This criticism led Roosevelt to create the Second New Deal which still brought more positive change for the 1930s. Roosevelt’s wife, Eleanor, was also an â€Å"extreme influence in the history of the 20th Century† (Bowles, 2011). Eleanor was definitely a great influence especially for women at this time. She represented women during this time period in a way that no woman had done before. â€Å"She became the first woman to serve as delegate to the United Nations, she also broke down many other gender barriers by becoming the first woman to testify before Congress, offer her commentary on the radio, speak before a party convention, write a syndicated column in the newspaper, and she went on tour earning money as a lecturer† (Bowles, 2011). This was a great influence and remarkable experience for women of this century as women previously did not have such rights to do these things. While both decades brought many different changes, the 1920s seem to be the more positive of the two. The 1930s faced many struggles and hardships compared to the 1920s when people were somewhat relaxed and living life taking advantage of the flourishing economy.

Development Of Tourism In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay

Development Of Tourism In Sri Lanka Tourism Essay 1. Sri Lanka is a gorgeous tropical paradise island in the  Indian Ocean located close to India, having a diversity of attractions ranging from historical to archeological and natural. Strategic importance gave the exposure to this island nation to establish links between West and East from ancient times due to its array of natural attractions ranging from archeological, historical, long heritage embraced with its rich traditional culture, literature, history and none other than its people whom best known for their friendliness and hospitality has prompted many to visit this beautiful island. 2. Thirty years of separatist war by the world most ruthless terror outfit, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), had devastated especially the Northern and Eastern areas of our country. It had not created much conducive environment for any business including tourism in Sri Lanka. Three decades of war which destructed all most all strata of our society and there were significant destruction for the property and assets in Northern and Eastern areas. Overall infrastructure facilities are very weak in these areas therefore so many core related issues had emerged from this situation. 3. Having preconceived ideas in their minds still most of the people in this part of our country think that they are segregated or discriminated by the Sinhalese majority in the country and they are not treated equally. To outset this mentality and re-build our nation from this post conflict scenario specially the areas in north and east it has identified that development of tourism industry can play a vital role. Having understanding the importancy, government took the initiative to develop infrastructure with the objective of improve the connectivity with north and the east and taken as a whole to reconnect or re-establish link between the south. If you consider these two main areas there are lot of spots readily available to promote tourism and with regard to special consideration given to post conflict scenario new strategy has developed to identify and development of the tourist potential in the North and East. Definitely, this can be use to strengthen the peace and stability an d to win the hearts and minds of the people who had suffered immensely due to the gory of war. AIM 4. The aim of this paper is to emphasis the development of tourism in North and East and how its going to contribute towards achieving sustainable peace. BACKGROUND 5. Known by one or other of its many names like Lanka, Serendib, Taprobane, Zellan, Cellao, Ceylon and most famous as The pearl of Indian Ocean are a few. Sri Lanka was famous for gems, pearls, ivory, spices, irrigation and agricultural systems, boat manufacturing and for tea in ancient time period. Apart from these it was none to other nations if you consider about its sunny and hot beaches, natural rain forests, wild life, water falls, cool misty mountains, various terrain features, archeological sites, flora and many, you name it you can see them all in this paradise island and because of its uniqueness United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) under their world heritage convention has included eight areas including six cultural and two natural areas of those values under world heritage sites which has further amplified the significance of our beautiful island. 6. The areas belong to both north and east have a long-standing history with regard to both ancient and tourism. Cultural heritage of both the districts goes way back to ancient times and it reminds continuous flow of tourists from various parts of the world and it clearly signifies that these areas were continuous attractions of the tourists. Apart from all, these areas were mainly popular for its natural attractions, socio-cultural attractions and man made attractions. 7. Both these areas are very much popular for its long stretches of smooth sandy beaches with warm bluish water. The Nilaveli is considered as one of the best beaches and Arugam bay was recognized as Worlds 13 best surfing loc due to its tropical wave and both the areas covers two third of the coastal line of the country. Eastern coast is recognized as best for the ocean based recreational activities. In addition, all these areas are famous for underwater diving, swimming, whale watching and sailing were some of the attractions for both foreign and domestic tourists in the past mainly before the intensifying of the war. 8. If you take the other attractions you can find some rich cultural heritage sites which give clear evidence about the greatness of our ancestors those who lived in those areas. It is not confined to one religion or community in general there are so many sites related to Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity, all these were best tourists attractions before the war. 9. There are several wild life sanctuaries, aviaries, natural reserves and forest areas especially in the eastern area which added natural attractions and eco based tourism to the nation. 10. Since, these areas were home for multi ethnic communities specially the eastern part it gave a valuable contribution for tourism through cultural diversification. All three major communities Sinhala, Tamil and Muslims were living in harmony in these areas before the war escalated. 11. There were certain steps and actions were taken by the government for the development and promotion of tourism in these areas. Some of them are as fol. a. First Tourism Master Plan (1967-1976). ` b. Second Tourism Master Plan (1992-2001). c. Trincomalee Ocean City Development Plan. d. Strategic Tourism Development Plan for North and East. 12. However, none of above plans were seems to have placed sufficient emphasis on the need to improve tourism due to many reasons and most influential reason was the prolonged war situation prevailed in those areas. POTENTIAL OF EXPANSION OF TOURISM INDUSTRY TO WAR AFFECTED ZONES 13. Sri Lankan government with the intention of developing tourism industry in the North and East had launched certain development projects to achieve its vision to transform tourism industry in the country as the largest foreign exchange earner benefiting the stakeholders of tourism and the people of Sri Lanka. World bank offered its fullest support in this regard and certain areas were totally unreachable due to the war which was there for the last three decades. Therefore, certain performance targets were revised after the eradication of the terrorism problem and subsequent restoration of peace and order in the country. 14. To promote the entire country as a tourist destination based on the overall objective emphasis was given to the development of industry especially in North and East merely not only to gain foreign exchange but also to uplift the condition of the people and also to achieve sustainable peace in the country. Following areas were identified as major development areas in these to provinces. a. Northern province. It has an area of 8,884 square kilometers and demarcated by North central and North western provinces from its south boundary, Gulf of Mannar and Palk bay from its west, Palk straight to the northern tip and Bay of Bengal to its east. There are few administrative divisions in the province, which are Jaffna, Mannar, Kilinochchi, Vavuniya and Mullaittivu. All the areas were badly affected by the three decades of war. Most significant factor in this province is that there are certain islands belongs to this province, those are Mandathivu, Kayts, Punguduthivu, Nainathivu, Karaithivu, Analathivu, Chirathivu, Eluvaithivu, Iranathivu, Nedunthivu, Palaithivu and Kachchathivu. Most of these islands are covered with some sandy beaches. Area is also known for its traditional ancient history, which was enriched, by solid socio and economic culture. Generally, it has a tropical hot climate and estimated population was 1.3 million in year 2007. Important places those are in r elation with tourism as fols. (1) Nagadeepa Temple. (2) Nallur Kandaswamy Hindu Kovil. (3) Jaffna Fort. (4) Jaffna Library. (5) The Sangilian Palace. (6) The Manthri Walauwa. (7) Mawadipuram Kovil. (8) Ponnalai Pond. (9) Dambakolapatuna Temple. (10) Madagal Beach. (11) Cashurina Beach. (12) Delft Island. (13) Kotakadu Beach. (14) Chankanai Church. (15) Kadurugoda (Kantharidai) Buddhist Temple. (16) Bottomless Well at Puththur. (17) Point Pedro Beach and Light House. (18) Vallipuram Kovil. (19) Naguleshwaren Sivam Kovil. (20) Kudiramalai Point. (21) Madhu Shrine in Mannar. (22) Iranamadu Tank. (23) Elephant pass. (24) Vattapalai Hindu Temple in Mullaittivu. (25) Areas related to War Terrorism. b. Eastern Province. With a total gross land area of 9,996 sq km Eastern province is the largest province in the country with fourth lowest population density of 162 persons per sq km. It comprises of three districts namely Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Ampara. All these three districts have some superb bluish beeches and with some added attractions such as whale watching and diving. Ampara, Arugam Bay is famous for its tropical waves which are ideal for surfing. In addition, there are few wild life and bird parks. Main tourists attraction places are as fols. (1) In Trincomalee District. (a) Bay Area in the Outer Harbour consists of: i. Marble Bay. ii. Sweet Bay. iii. Deadman,s Cove. 1v. Clappenburg Bay. (b) Nilaveli/Kuchchaveli/Uppuveli Areas. (c) Coastal Belt from Kuchchaveli to Kokilai Lagoon. (d) Coastal Belt from Kuchchaveli to Sinnakaratchi Area. (e) Pigeon Island conserve as a national park. (f) Kokilai lagoon designated as a bird sanctuary. (g) Thennamaravadi bird sanctuary. (h) Whale and Dolphin watching area outer harbour. (2) In Batticaloa District. (a) The Dutch Fort. (b) Pasikudha Beach/ Kaluwankerny Beach/Kallady Beach/Kayankerni Beach/Mankerni Beach. (c) Kalkudha Bay. (d) Sathrukodan reputed for its bird species and crocodiles. (e) Vakarai Sand Spit, Uppar Lagoon, Panchchankerni and Veranativu famous for its ecological habits. (f) Palameenmadu famous for its attractive landscape. (3) In Ampara District. (a) Arugam Bay. (b) Pottuvil Lagoon. (c) Kalmunai Beach/Komari Beach/Peanut farm Beach. (d) Kumana National Park. (e) Lahugala/Kitulana National Park. (f) Muhudu Maha Viharaya. 15. Identification of the cultural value in the area is an important aspect of tourism, in this relation there are few important areas that we have to consider. The Veddha community still lives in these areas retaining their traditional life style, the wide cultural diversity due to variety of ethnic groups and religions and also the presence of smaller ethnic groups indigenous to the province, such as Malays, Gypsies and Burghers especially in the eastern province. The Ramayana trial linked to the epic Ramayana, there are over 50 sites have been identified in Sri Lanka and six of these in the eastern province. Pada Yathra, an ancient pilgrim tradition is associated with the eastern province via Ampara and Kumana forests areas to Katharagama holy land to worship Lord Murugan. Religious worships were mentioned above and Marine tourism too ads some supplementary value to entire industry. SITUATION ANALYSIS 16. Having considered about the areas which we could expand in order to develop tourism industry in the country it was clearly evident that the areas related to North and East could provide and give a vital contribution in this regard. It is therefore paramount of importance to conduct a situation analysis where we can further get an insight in order to address the matter in an apposite manner. Here we conduct the process under SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis method and consideration of other factors in order to ascertain further components, which are going to affect to achieve our objectives. Following are the findings from the SWOT analysis in respect of the subject matter. a. Northern province will mainly consist of following factors. (1) Strengths. (a) Return of peace and normalcy. (b) Very fine beaches with safe swimming conditions. (c) Cultural experiences. (d) Archeological and historical sites. (e) Religious interest sites. (f) Domestic aviation related areas. (g) Areas related to war tourism. (2) Weaknesses. (a) Inadequate of accommodation/basic facilities. (b) Absence of skilled workers in this field. (c) Religious myths/cast system. (e) Distance from capital. (f) Lack of knowledge about the industry. (3) Opportunities. (a) Better accessibility by roads in near future. (b) Increase interest with regard to field especially after the war. (c) Jobs availability in the trade. (d) Mixture of varieties with regard to interests of the tourists. (e) Fresh beaches/natural sites. (f) Investment which will bring fruitful dividends. (4) Threats. (a) Integration with the local community is low. (b) Sympathetic/ideological differences prevailing against LTTE. (c) Lack of interest of the people to contribute. (d) Financial condition/poverty level. b. Eastern province will mainly consist of following factors (1) Strengths. (a) Return of peace and normalcy. (b) Very fine beaches with safe swimming conditions. (c) Unique seasonality and favorable whether throughout the year. (d) Archeological and historical sites. (e) Religious interest sites/ Cultural experiences. (f) Wild life/bird watching/proximity to national parks. (g) Water sports. (2) Weaknesses. (a) Inadequate of accommodation/basic facilities. (b) Absence of skilled workers in this field. (c) Neglected and poor infrastructure conditions. (e) Local environment problems. (f) Lack of knowledge about the industry. (3) Opportunities. (a) Better accessibility by roads in near future. (b) Increase interest with regard to field especially after the war. (c) Jobs availability in the trade. (d) Mixture of varieties with regard to interests of the tourists. (e) Unique coastal line stretching more than 200 kilometers. (f) Prime Asian holiday destination in summer months. (g) Domestic airport facilities. (4) Threats. (a) Integration with the local community is low. (b) Sympathetic/ideological differences prevailing against LTTE. (c) Lack of interest of the people to contribute. (d) Financial condition/poverty level. (e) Ribbon development occurring along the coastline due to non adherence to the land use planning control. 17. Carefully examination of the outcome of the situational analysis will gives an overall representation of the intention to achieve the objective that is the most precious sustainable peace for our country. There are certain important areas, which have to be address by the government and private sector has to play a vital role of achieving the common objective. As far as the government is concerned, it is therefore necessary to develop infrastructure facilities such as access roads, electricity, water for drinking and other purposes, sewage deposal and waste disposal at the initial stage and private sector could contribute specially with regard to achieve financial stability and development of human resource factor with the aim of facilitating the final outcome. 18. Presently government has launched certain development projects targeting the entire development of these provinces, which were badly affected by the war, and it is important to note that there was no significant development projects were conducted at both these provinces for the last three decades due the escalation of war. 20. Under the Uthuru wasanthaya project which targeted rapid development of Northern province and Eastern revival project which targeted development in the Eastern province, including tourism industry has launched certain mega development projects in order to develop once war tone areas has reached certain impressive standards and this was commended by the International community too. Last year Sri Lanka was among the best tourist attractions/destination in the world and it has recorded 654,477 tourist arrivals, which was the highest number ever recorded during the past ten years. 21. Apart from the development of infrastructure facilities there are some other challenges have to be consider which gives a direct impact to the stability of the peace. Those are resettling of Internally Displaced Persons (IDP), Humanitarian de-mining and Re-integration of ex-LTTE combatants to the society. 22. Careful analysis of the factors, which could use to address the issues with regard to IDPs and ex-combatants in the context of the study, can achieve astonishing results. Development of tourism therefore will come in handy because there are so many avenues are open for us to address some key issues relating for these provinces and thereby reaching towards the outcome. SUMMARY 23. Sri Lanka with its strategic location, diversity of attractions with its rich traditional culture, literature, history and none other than its people whom best known for their friendliness and hospitality has prompted many to visit this beautiful island. 24. Thirty years of separatist war by the world most ruthless terror outfit, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) had devastated especially the Northern and Eastern areas of our country. It had not created much conducive environment for any business including tourism in Sri Lanka. Three decades of war which destructed all most all strata of our society and there were significant destruction for the property and assets in Northern and Eastern areas. Overall infrastructure facilities are very weak in these areas therefore so many core related issues had emerged from this situation. People in the North and East lost their trust towards the majority Sinhalese people and this was further aggravated with the escalation of the war. 25. The areas belong to both north and east have a long-standing history with regard to both ancient and tourism. Cultural heritage of both the provinces goes way back to ancient times and it reminds continuous flow of tourists from various parts of the world and it clearly signifies that these areas were continuous attractions of the tourists. Apart from all, these areas were mainly popular for its natural attractions, socio-cultural attractions and man made attractions. 26. There were certain steps taken by the successive governments and authorities to develop tourism industry in these provinces were failed due to the in-completeness and war situation prevailed in the country. With the dawn of peace to our nation the importancy of developing of the tourism industry in these two provinces were again taken into consideration in order to address certain issues in these provinces. Mainly to uplift the life style of the people and by developing tourism industry will automatically facilitate the development of the area specially in the fields of infrastructure development, telecommunications, technology, trade and finance. Last year Sri Lanka was among the best tourist attractions/destination in the world and it has recorded 654,477 tourist arrivals, which was the highest number ever recorded during the past ten years. 28. Sri Lankan government with the intention of developing tourism industry in the North and East had launched certain development projects to achieve its vision to transform tourism industry in the country as the largest foreign exchange earner benefiting the stakeholders of tourism and the people of Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan Tourism Development Authority and the Hotel school proposed skill-training project in order to uplift the skill level would play a vital role with regard to training aspect. On going mega development projects launched under the ministries of Nation building, Economic development and central bank will gives an added advantage for the fulfillment of the vision. 29. Potential expansion of the industry in these areas were assessed and there were so many spots which we could develop as tourist destinations were identified. With the situational analysis, it was further elaborated what we have to do exactly and what areas should be given the consideration. 30. Apart from the development of infrastructure facilities there are some other challenges have to be consider which gives a direct impact to the stability of the peace. Those are resettling of Internally Displaced Persons (IDP), Humanitarian de-mining and Re-integration of ex-LTTE combatants to the society. Careful analysis of the factors, which could use to address the issues with regard to IDPs and ex-combatants in the context of the study, can achieve astonishing results. Development of tourism therefore will come in handy because there are so many avenues are open for us to address some key issues relating for these provinces and thereby reaching towards the outcome. RECOMENDATIONS 31. Having considered the opportunities available for us it is paramount importance to give the priority to the people in these areas to get them selves employed in the vacancies existing in this field. Priority must be given to ex-LTTE combatants and IDPs. This will also gives the opportunity to re-integrate these people to the society in a fruitful manner. Will also help the reduction of poverty level and unemployment specially in the field of youth unemployment and this will directly facilitate to have sustainable peace in our country because unemployment will lead to many disputes and presently vacancies available in this tourism industry will greatly create the opportunity to address this issue. 32. With the development of tourism industry in both these two provinces will give the opportunity to the people in these areas to market their products. This will reduce the poverty level and in return their income will go up and financial status of the society will go up. This is also very much vital to retain sustaining peace because once you loose or decrease the financial status in the society there is a tendency of getting into a position to demand unnecessarily and to gain adverse advantages in return it will de-stabilize the society. 33. Development of tourism in these provinces will directly enhance the partnership and participation of the people in these areas towards nation development. In return, it will give a positive result of sustaining peace in this country because for the last three decades of time due to the war, participation towards achieving the goals of the nation was deprived from these people. They will also have the equal opportunity to contribute and as well as to get themselves benefited from the outcome. This will also negate the mentality that they were not treated accordingly as per their rights because most of them think being the minority Tamil community in our country they were deprived from their rights and discriminated as a whole by the Sinhalese majority. 34. Expansion of the industry will open up so many other avenues to develop these areas and people whom contained or restricted for a very small geographical area will have the opportunity to establish links between their counterparts in the south. This will also help to build the understanding between people and to win the hearts and minds of the people. People in the south will also get an opportunity to interact with this people and this will narrow down ideological differences they had. Exploiting the opportunity got from this industry will help to reach towards sustainable peace and to develop harmony among the communities. 35. As a whole development of tourism in these provinces will greatly help to develop the infrastructure facilities in these areas and this will help to uplift the social standards to reach for higher living conditions too. This will gives a positive feeling for the people whom have undergone lot of difficulties during the war period and who lived under the crutches of LTTE terrorism. This will also give a positive impact towards achieving of sustainable peace in our country. 36. People in these provinces will get the opportunity to explore the world and more over to establish or earn a reputation among the international community in return this will help to up lift the state of their minds because they will feel the importance of being recognized amongst the international community. This is because of the opportunity that we are getting from the development or expansion of tourism industry.

Greek Mythology Essay -- essays research papers

Since the days when man lived in caves and struggled to survive, he has wondered about the world that surrounds him. What makes the sun rise and set? Why are there seasons? Where do things go when they die? To the ancient Greeks, there were simple explanations to all these questions – it was the gods! Things that seemed unexplainable could suddenly make sense when there were gods and goddesses involved. And these stories of the gods that the Greeks created to help make sense of the universe have survived the years to become a treasured and integral part of the history of the Western world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone knows who Zeus is. But are they aware that Zeus shared his power with thirteen of his sisters, brothers, and children? First there was his sister, Hera, whom he had chosen from his many wives to be his queen. Then there was Ares, their son, who was the god of war. Next was Hephaestus, the god of fire, and his wife Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Another of Zeus’s children, Hermes, was the herald of the gods. And then there was Demeter, the goddess of the harvest, with her beloved daughter Persephone on her lap. Next there was Poseidon, the lord of the sea and Zeus’s brother, and then the four children of Zeus: Athena, goddess of wisdom; the twins Apollo (god of light and music) and Artemis (goddess of the hunt); and Dionysus, the god of wine. Zeus’s eldest sister Hestia also lived with these twelve great gods. She was the goddess of the hearth, and ...

Jazz Concert Review Essay -- Music Jazz Musical Review Essays

Jazz Concert Review I enjoy and listen to variety of music from classical music to rap music. I have attended many concerts, mostly symphony bands concerts. However, interestingly, through whole my life, I have never experienced jazz music and I have never been to jazz concert. Therefore, it was hard for me to decide which jazz concerts would give me most pleasure and exciting experience. I researched for jazz concerts listing and I have decided to go to the Ron Eschete Trio Concerts because it was held closed to my house and was free. Compared to all the other concerts that I have gone to, the Ron Eschete Trio concert was a definite change in atmosphere. On February 23, 20001 I attended a concert held at Ahmnson Building in Los Angeles County Museum of Art, featuring Ron Eschete on seven string guitar, Todd Johnson on six string bass, and Paul Humphrey on drums. It was three hours long, from 5:30 to 8:30. I arrived there little late because it said to be held on times mirror central court but it was actually playing at lower level of Ahmnson Building. As soon as I walked in, I realized that it has totally different atmosphere from what my expectations were for the music concerts. Unlike all the other concerts I attended, this concert intended for small audience, probably around a hundred people. Also, this jazz concert seemed very relaxed and comfortable. Most of people were dressed very casual, wearing jeans and shirts. But the musicians were dressed in suit, which seemed quite awkward to me. There was a good diverse group of people, from young children to senior citizens. There was also a pretty even mix of different cultures, too. While the musician?s were playing, I was surprised how the audience was. Most of the audience was talking loud, drinking alcohol and eating snacks. Some audience was even clapping hands and humming along with the song. This was quite an opposite environment compared to the concerts I went to. Sometimes the audience was so loud that I could barely hear the songs. It was interesting that even though the crowd was so loud, the musicians seemed very comfortable with it. They played the song as if the audience?s voice was also part of their song. When audience was loud, they would play loud and when audience became quite, they played very soft and tender. It might be to get audience?s attention. But, it seemed the m... ...nt from lower pitch sound to high pitch, showing various pitches they can make. They differed in style when they went solo. Ron Eschete mixed high and low pitch sound very irregularly and each tone seemed very distant like Monk?s style. Todd Johnson rhythm and tone was more smooth and close to each other, giving impression of cool jazz style. The other element is a swing feeling. This can be described as a feeling that makes you want to dance, clap your hands, of tap your feet. During the concert, as I looked around in the audience, I could see people bobbing their heads, and tapping their feet. Due to the fast tempo, the Ron Eschete Trio?s music just made people want to dance even though it sounded smooth and mellow. Going to jazz concert gave me an opportunity to experience new atmosphere of the concert. I enjoyed the informal and casual style of concert?s atmosphere. However, I disliked how people were too loud while the musicians were performing. The Ron Eschete Trio?s music style was not quite what I have expected. Although it was totally different from the jazz I was used to listen in class, I really like it. It was very modern, but also had the elements of early Jazz.

AOL Time Warner Essay -- essays papers

AOL Time Warner On January 10, 2000, one of the largest, most powerful mergers was announced to the world. Media giant Time Warner will join forces with the Internet superstar, America on Line. The $183 billion dollar deal is the biggest in history. In the recent past, there has been a wave of merger-mania, both in the United States and in Europe. The merger of the Millennium is between America on Line and Time Warner. The AOL Time Warner deal represents the joining of the Old Media with the New Media. Not only is it a marriage of different approaches, the two CEO's are very diverse individuals. The two companies are quite different, in nearly every aspect. Some of the divisions of Time Warner have been around since the 1920's, while the youngster, AOL is a mere fifteen years old. The quick paced, new up starting Internet companies never thought in a million years they would ever need the old stand-by media organizations. "The Internet will revolutionize everything", that is what their beliefs were. They were fearless and believed themselves to be invincible, but things have changed. The Internet has put the world only a mouse click away and it has changed the world. The fact of the matter is the world of the Internet is extremely competitive and in order to survive, you must invest huge sums into your marketing campaign, in some cases up to seventy percent of a budget. The one thing that you can always could on in this word is change, and there are going to be some major changes in the realm of the high tech companies. The 'techies' are going to have to realize their need for and have to learn how to form lasting relationships with the 'old stand bys' in order to keep up with today's world. Time Warner is, for the most part, a stable reliable organization. Time Warner's holdings include many magazines, Time, Sports Illustrated, Money and Fortune just to name a few. Time Warner also possesses Warner Brothers Studio, Warner Music (which recently acquired EMI Music), Turner Classic Movies and an array of television stations. A partial list of the broadcast networks includes CNN, TNT and HBO. Time Warner is also the second largest cable television provider in the country. They have also recently invested huge sums of money into their cable system to prepare it for Roadrunner technologies. Roadrunner is an alternative to a standard Internet se... ...ast year crossed national borders. Experts expect this trend to continue in Europe. One French banker made the bold prediction that one third of the top forty blue chips in France will either gobble up, or be gobbled up by another company in the coming year. I believe that the mergers and super mergers are going to continue in the future. I also believe that these transactions are going to become necessary for businesses to remain competitive and to not fall to the wayside. The joining of mega media giants AOL and Time Warner is going to start a trend and I believe we will see many more combinations of similar companies in the future. Companies will be forced to play this merger game if they want to stay alive and remain successful. This, I believe, is the trend for the new millennium and it is a trend that will become a new way of doing business. Bibliography: Sources: Businessweek Jan 24, 2000: "Welcome to the 21st Century" "The Big Grab" "The Great Irony of AOL Time Warner" Jan 31, 2000 "Burying the Hatchet Buys a Lot of Drug Research" The Economist "The Record Industry Takes Fright" "The Net Gets Real" Time "The Big Deal" Wall Street Journal Assorted articles

Product Life Cycle Essay

Definition: Products come and go. A company’s challenge is to hold on to its customers longer than it holds on to its products. It needs to watch the market life cycle and the customer life cycle more than the product life cycle. Someone at Ford realized this: â€Å"If we’re not customer driven, our cars won’t be either.† One selects marketing tools that are appropriate to the stage of the product’s life cycle. For example, advertising and publicity will produce the biggest payoff in the introduction stage of a product; their job is to build consumer awareness and interest. Sales promotions and personal selling grow more important during a product’s maturity stage. Personal selling can strengthen customers’ comprehension of your product’s advantages and their conviction that the offering is worthwhile. Product Development and Life-Cycle Strategies: In the face of changing customer needs, technologies and competition, product innovation or the development of new products has become vital to a company’s survival. Introducing new products, however, is not sufficient. The firm must also know how to manage the new product as it goes through its life cycle: that is, from its birth, through growth and maturity, to eventual demise as newer products come along that better serve consumer needs. This product life cycle presents two principal challenges. First, because all products eventually decline, the firm must find new products to replace ageing ones (the problem of new-product development). Second, the firm must understand how its products age and adapt its marketing strategies as products pass through life-cycle stages (the problem of product life-cycle, strategies’). We therefore look initially at the problem of finding and developing new products, and then at the challenge of managing them successfully over their life cycles. Innovation and New-Product Development: Given the rapid changes in taste, technology and competition, a company cannot rely solely on its existing products to sustain growth or to maintain  profitability. The firm can hope to maintain market and profit performance only by continuous product innovation. Product innovation encompasses a variety of product development activities – product improvement, development of entirely new ones, and extensions that increase the range or number of lines of product the firm can offer. Product innovations are not to be confused with inventions. The latter are a new technology or product which may or may not deliver benefits to customers. An innovation is defined as an idea, product or piece of technology that has been developed and marketed to customers ‘who perceive it as novel or new. We may call it a process of identifying, creating and delivering new-product values or benefits that were not offered before in the marketplace. In this chapter we look specifically at new products as opposed to value creation through marketing actions (such as product/brand repositioning, segmentation of current markets). We also need to distinguish between obtaining new products through acquisition – by buying a whole company, a patent or a licence to produce someone else’s product – and through new-product development in the company’s own research and development department. As the costs of developing and introducing major new products have climbed, many large companies have decided to acquire existing brands rather than to create new ones. Other firms have saved money by copying competitors’ brands or by reviving old brands. These routes can contribute to a firm’s growth and have both advantages and limitations. In this chapter, we are mainly concerned with how businesses create and market new products. By new products we mean original products, product improvements, pnxhict modifications and new brands that the firm develops through its own research and development efforts. Risks and Returns Jri Innovation Innovation can be very risky for a number of reasons: 1. New-product development is an expensive affair – it cost Tate & Lyle around  £150 million to develop a new sugar substitute; pharmaceutical firms spend an average of . £100-50 million to develop a new drug; while developing a super-jumbo project could cost billions. 2. New-product development takes time. Although companies can dramatically shorten their development time, in many industries, such as  Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, aerospace and food, new-product development cycles can be as long as 10-15 years. The uncertainty and unpredictability of market environments further raise the risks of commercialization. Roots had to withdraw Manoplex, a heart drug, less than a year after its launch in the United Kingdom, after a trial on 3,000 patients in the United States and Scandinavia suggested an adverse effect on patient survival. The pharmaeeudeals division lost about  £200 million on the drug, which cost nearly  £100 million to develop over a period of 12 years, and about S20 million was spent on promoting and marketing it. 3. Unexpected delays in development are also a problem. History is littered with grand pioneering engineering projects which have failed to satisfy the original expectations of bankers, investors and politicians. The Seikan rail tunnel, connecting the island of Hokkaido to mainland Japan, was completed 14 years late and billions of pounds over budget; the S10 billion cost of the Channel tunnel, which opened on 6 May ] 994, a year later than originally planned, is more than double the  £4,8 billion forecast in 1987. 4. The new-product success record is not encouraging either. New products continue to fail at a disturbing rate. One recent study estimated that new consumer packaged goods (consisting mostly of line extensions) fail at a rate of 80 per cent. The same high failure rate appears to afflict new financial products and services, such as credit cards, insurance plans and brokerage services. Another study found that about 33 per cent of new industrial products fail at launch. Despite the risks, firms that learn to innovate well become less vulnerable to attacks by new entrants which discover new ways of delivering added values, benefits and solutions to customers’ problems.

A Fledgling’s Masterpeice Essay

Citizen Kane is widely hailed as the â€Å"great American film† and with good reason. From its complex narrative structure to pioneering photography to its incredibly rich use of sound, Welles’ 1941 picture remains one of the most innovative movies ever to come out of a Hollywood studio. Even Today Citizen Kane stands out as one of the great films of all time. Unfolding almost entirely in flashback, Welles’s masterpiece presents various perspectives on the oversized life of the recently deceased Charles Foster Kane. Through the reminiscences of friends, family, and coworkers, the film moves from Kane’s childhood to his rambunctious adolescence, from the heights of his success to the depths of his isolation. All the while there is a search for clues to Kane’s mysterious last word: â€Å"Rosebud.† The puzzling phrase drives the tale, but ultimately it is only a means of exploring the film’s real theme: the impossibility of truly understanding any human being. In the film Kane (Orson Welles, who also directed and co-wrote the screenplay) is separated from his parents as a child and made heir to an enormous fortune. Coming of age, he decides to run a newspaper, sensationalizing the news and considering himself to be the voice of the people. With ambitions beyond publishing, he runs for New York Governor, and later promotes the singing career of his second wife Susan. He also builds Xanadu, an extravagant palace that is never finished. These various ambitions fail, and Kane dies a wealthy but spiritually broken man. When William Randolph Hearst (multimillionaire and media tycoon) got wind of what 25-year-old Orson Welles was creating at RKO’s film studio, he feared his life was the inspiration for the main character. In response Hearst and his newspapers employed all their influence to try and stop Citizen Kane’s 1941 release. John O’Hara of Newsweek addresses just this controversy in his review of Citizen Kane. He begins by stating that Citizen Kane is the finest film that  he has ever seen and that Orson Welles is the greatest actor ever. This is a bold statement to make at the time because it was printed before the film was released and before any kind of public consensus could be made. O’Hara’s observation would turn out to be somewhat true. His reasons for promoting Citizen Kane are no more than pure enthusiasm and support for a film that impressed him greatly. He states that his intension is to make you want to see the picture that he believes to be â€Å"as good a picture as was ever made†. (O’Hara 60) O’Hara seems to be more of an excited fan than a film critic. His unbridled enthusiasm is evident in every sentence of his review. He appears to be an admirer of Orson Welles’ just as much as the movie itself. He states that Citizen Kane lacks nothing. Later in the article, as if to be reassuring, he says that â€Å"aside from what it does lack Citizen Kane has Orson Welles†. He compares Welles to artists like F. Scott Fitzgerald who had gone unrecognized until after his death. He ends his article with the statement that there has never been a better actor than Orson Welles and then repeats that very statement. (O’Hara 60) The controversy surrounding Citizen Kane and W. R. Hearst is also addressed by Bosely Crowther of the New York Times. He says that â€Å"suppression of this film would be a crime†. But unlike O’Hara, Crowther seems a little more critical of the film. He says that Welles’ abundance of imagery is so great that it sometimes gets in the way of his logic. He also claims that the film â€Å"fails to provide a clear picture of the character and motive behind the man whom the whole film revolves†.(Crowther 5) Aside from the few critical points, Crowther was very complimentary towards Citizen Kane. He comments on the excellent direction of Mr. Welles and the sure and penetrating performances of the entire cast.Crother feels that Citizen Kane is one of the most realistic takes on the cinema to date. He describes it as cynical, ironic, oppressive, and realistic. â€Å"Citizen Kane has more vitality than fifteen other films we could name†. (Crowther5) The New Yorker’s John Marsh also is very complimentary of Citizen Kane, but  for much more technical reasons. He addresses the many aspects of the film that set it apart from all others. â€Å"Since movies hitherto have commenced with a cast list and a vast directory of credits, we are promptly jolted out of our seats when Citizen Kane ignores this convention and slides at once into the film.† He believes that this formal difference is revolutionary enough to establish Welles’ independence from convention. â€Å"This independence, like fresh air, sweeps on and on through the movie.†(Marsh 79) Marsh also comments on Welles’ method of storytelling with the use of repetition and flashing scenes. â€Å"With a few breakfast scenes, the progress of a marriage is shown as specifically as if we had read the wife’s diary. To Marsh something new has come to the movie world at last. He believes that the film’s triumphant quality is that although Kane is presented as a villainous miser, the human touch is not lost. Sympathy for the preposterous Mr. Kane survives. All three of these writers share a similar opinion about Citizen Kane. Individually they each appreciate different aspects of the film. John O’Hara is intoxicated with the performance of Orson Welles, both in front and behind the camera. Bosely Crowther discusses the reality of the film itself. John Marsh believes that it’s unconventional approach is what will set Citizen Kane apart from other movies in the future. Although each writer praises different aspects of the movie they all agree that Citizen Kane is a film that will drastically alter the film making processfrom now on.

Cross Cultural Management Report Plan Essay

Based in the uk I am a cc analyst for a large telecoms company,say who we are briefly, and what the industry is. We want to go abroad In the next 2 years, internationalisation must run smoothly, (what is inisation and what does it mean for a company?) an issue flagged in meetings will be Culture Shock and poor adjustment to the new environment. (What are these?) How will intlisation affect the whole company initially? Will the larger culture gap prove tougher than the smaller? Generic initial issues and frameworks,lecture 3, gives a good overview. (intro). What are the obvious issues faced? Language, distance, new, see the psychic distance thing. I need to provide a detailed account of CS in research and how it relates to CC working and our company. We need 3 good recommendations of how to minimise these affects. Look at successfully int’lised company vs company that is struggling, and the general principals to overcome issues used, can we use them? What does it all really mean according to the future? Has deregulation of the market meant we have to internationalise? conduct a detailed literature review of CS need to discuss the generic issues which the organisation will potentially face related to your chosen area in part one – So, the first part of your literature review will introduce exactly what ideas you’ll go on to discuss. Research lecture notes, text books, journal articles etc and pull together a detailed critical review of the relevant theories and models relating to the area. You also need to detail the relevance of your chosen area to the assignment scenario, with respect to the cross-cultural challenges/difficulties that it would pose for the organisation detail the relevant theories & models and the potential cross-cultural difficulties that could arise as a result of culture shock & adjustment back up your arguments using appropriate theories & models and appropriate real life examples from case studies/research articles/books etc. Give a bit of background for the telecommunication industry to set the scene for your organisation as the context is of course relevant to the assignment – but there is no need to do this in depth. You can still consider issues that are generic to any internationalisation. Source examples/case studies of telecommunications organisations that operate internationally in terms of providing best practice or illustrating failure that has taken place. Internationalisation– present a generic analysis of the issues facing the organisation when expanding into foreign countries in general. give examples to support some of your ideas around examining the likelihood of cultural difficulties being more prevalent when the ‘culture gap’ eg language is larger. Give examples of organisations which have attempted internationalisation and failed and/or succeeded, in order to elaborate and support your arguments and recommendations. need to discuss the generic issues which the organisation will potentially face related to your chosen area in part one – and potential solutions/ways to overcome these in part two. You can give hypothetical examples of different countries but the general principles of internationalisation and the issues that are applicable from a CCM perspective will be the same, no matter which country/countries are chosen for expansion. Give examples of differences in cultures that would cause potential difficulties such as culture shock etc and how these can vary from country to country. Your recommendations should obviously be related in part to your chosen area from part one but you may also talk about generic cross cultural challenges & difficulties which need to be overcome. It may also be useful to look back to lecture 3: Topical issues, as this has some useful practical frameworks you can draw on. There is flexibility with this – there is no particular requirement to have one recommendation about your specific issue and then 2 further general ones for instance. It is up to you. Crucially, a good assignment will evidence the links between whatever topic you have chosen and specific recommendations for alleviating that problem plus the fact that many cross cultural problems are interlinking and more broad in their scope. the first couple of sentences in your recommendations should set out what you’ll go on to address in this section. word count for this assignment is 3000 words. This should be split equally between part one and part two of the assignment A minimum of 15 references should be used. These need to be academic (i.e. authors of journals, textbooks). a range of academic sources should be consulted for research E.g. lecture notes, books, journals Please use the assignment template showing division of the two assignment areas (part one and part two). Whilst the remit of the report is advising an organisation, you’ll be aware by now that there are important interlinking factors between individual and organisational issues. You should position your assignment from both the individual and organisational viewpoints to show that you have an awareness of the interplay between the two and the complexities involved.

”My Mother Said I Never Should” and ”A Midsummer Nights Dream’ Essay

I have been working on the script of both †My Mother Said I Never Should† and †A Midsummer Nights Dream’. In this essay I will look at many aspects of both pieces and compare them, mentioning their similarities and their differences. †My Mother Said I Never Should† was written in 1985 and set from between the 2nd World War and the mid 80’s. †A Midsummer Nights Dream† was written in the 16th Century and set in whatever time period the reader perceives it. Therefore the two plays are both written in the past but they are different because of the time they are set. This difference is because †My Mother Said I Never Should† is based within a decade whereas †A Midsummer Nights Dream† can be set any time period but the story is meant to all be over within the space of one day. Because †A Midsummer Nights Dream† is set in one day, it unlike †My Mother Said I Never Should† which jumps between different years in the 1980’s. There are equal similarities and differences when it comes to the society of the plays. They both show the high status of the mothers involved and alike each other; Margaret and Titania want to keep their children. The family expectations in both the plays re similar because in â€Å"‘My Mother Said I Never Should†, Margaret is constantly telling Jackie to work harder and get a good job because she has high expectations of her. In †A Midsummer Nights Dream† Hermia’s father wants her to marry Lysander and hope for her to fulfill this expectation. The plays are different when it comes to the language and the style of the way the people live, the characters in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ are more modern that those in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’. The character is ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ are real characters with real issues, whereas those in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ are less than realistic because they are fairies and are make believe. Because of this, ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ is more realistic because of the issues and the audience can relate and empathize with the problems involved in the play, but in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’, it is a comedy and it is meant to be enjoyed and not understood. The costumes in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ are normal for that time but in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ they are extravert and something no one would ever wear no matter what time period, this again adds to it’s fantasy. When talking about the key themes of the plays, they are very comparable. Usually in a scene it is only two people talking at a time and the conversations are very tense and filled with emotion. In both plays they include mothers fighting over a child. Love is the main theme in both of the plays if you look beneath the words and consider subtext. The love in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ is between Jackie and Margaret despite their fighting and likewise with Titania and Oberon. Along with this love there is also a lot of anger within this love that we see. When it comes to key themes the plays are obviously different because, ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’s’ characters are fairies but are real people in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’. The styles of the play are very different but they share the subject of arguing and that the main characters concerned are all drawn in with each other. Unlike ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’, ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ has many characters. But the obvious difference is that one is a comedy and one is a realistic play and they want the audience to feel different emotions if any at all in ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ case. The main obvious difference between the play, which can easily be seen, is the language of the plays. ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ uses modern language, which can be understood completely, whereas ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ uses old English, which means that the audience may loose sight of the plot and get caught up in the language taking away from the enjoyment of the play. Even though this is so, it does not take away the comedy element of the place, which is enjoyed by all. In conclusion I enjoyed studying these two plays because I was able to go into more depth and read between the lines. This gave me a greater understanding of the plays and will help me with future performances and exams. When playing the roles myself, I could see how the plays were similar as well as being different. Acting out the pieces the first thing that struck me was how different the language was and in ‘Midsummer Nights Dream’ it was harder to understand which made it difficult to use tones and express some emotions without complete understanding of the play. In ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ it was easier and more relaxed to perform as it related more with modern day life and the emotions were very easy and straightforward to understand. The reactions from the audiences were also very different. In ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’ the audience watch with smiles on their faces occasionally smiling where as in ‘My Mother Said I Never Should’ the seriousness of the pieces was shown on their expressions. I found that because of much preparation and understanding of the plays before working on them it meant that they could be performed much more easily and gained good criticism.