Causes and Effects of the Civil War Essay -- essays research papers

Did you know Americas bloodiest battle fought on their own soil was the Civil War? The Civil War was fought on American soil between the northern nominates and the southern states. Many causes provoked the war, which would affect the nation for decades to come. Slavery, the Missouri Compromise, and John Browns attack on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, were nearly of the many causes. In turn hundreds of thousands of soldiers died, the Souths economy was devastated, and the northern ideals flourished.In the later 1700s to 1863, slavery was an intricate part of the South. Slaves were needed for woodlet work like planting, caring for, and harvesting crops to maintaining the land. After Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, more slaves were needed to keep up with the increased cotton production. In the South their stamp was African-Americans were property. On the other hand, the Norths economy was based on industry and manufacturing powered by European immigrants. They believed slavery was wr ong and inhumane and African-Americans ar just as human as everybody else. These two different views are one of the major reasons that led to the Civil War.Americans in the early nation concur that slavery was legal south of the Ohio River and illegal north of the Ohio River. However, in 1819 the issue came up should Missouri be admitted to the union as a slave state or a non-slave state since Missouri ...

Euthanasia Essay - Artificial Life or Natural Death? :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Artificial Life or Natural Death?         Euthanasia has been a hotly debated about topic for the away couple of decades, but has recently been thrust into the limelight by some(prenominal) controversial court and hospital decisions.         Euthanasia is defined as the mercy kill of a person who is brain dead, terminally ill or otherwise at expirys door. This usually, but not necessarily, affects people who are are separated from death only by machines. Whether you personally believe mercy killing is a viable solution in a hopeless built in bed or not the proponents for both sides provide arguments that can be quite convincing. Supporters of euthanasia say that it is such an improbability for a miraculous recovery and a return to a normal life that it is not worth putting the patient through all the suffering and agony that prolonging their life would cause or the fortune of hospital bills that you would pay. The opposit ion feels that it is not right for people to abandon other members of the human race because there is always a chance, even though it is a weensy one, that they will regain all functons and return to a normal life.         There are many cases in which euthanasia is acceptable. Brain death is one situation which merits euthanasia. It is also one of the more common cases where euthanasia is requested. Brain death is when all brain activities cease.         The lines are fairly well drawn in the natural law about patients who are suffering but are still compotent, but when the law is asked to determine the fate of a lingering, comatose, incompotent patient the lines begin to blur. In many cases the courts turned to the patients family, but what if there are not any or they disagree?  In such cases who decides? In a controversial decision a Massachusetts court allowed that it would invoke its own substitute judgement on b ehalf of a mentally ill woman. In a second case mentioned in the January 7 issue of Newsweek, a Minnesota Surpreme court turned to three hospital ethics committees to review a dying loners case, followed their collected wisdom and tell him off the respirator so that he could have a dignified death.  It is

A Comparison Of The Women Of Wharton And Deledda :: essays research papers fc

A Comparison of the Women of Wharton and DeleddaTwo writers, two women, both from different backgrounds. Edith Whartonwas high society. Grazia Deledda was a commoner from some other country. Thoughboth wrote almost exclusively to their won regions, their portrayal of women wasquite similar. In Whartons Ethan Frome she has cardinal women, both distinct fromone another. In Deleddas La Madre, two women also make up the bulk of the story.But there are many more similarities in these works. Released only nine yearsapart both novels deal with a struggle of the heart, of the faith, and astruggle of their moral soundness. And in both stories the women are portrayedon opposite sides of the conflict. In this paper I intend to show an apparentbond betwixt these stories characters, and the gamut ran between the femalepersonae.Published in 1911, Ethan Frome is considered one of the bestcontemporary short novels of its time. Ethan Frome illuminated Whartons long-familiar writing style with a spark of imagination. In this story, as Iexpressed in the opening paragraph, lie two women. The first is Zenobia Frome,or Zeena for short. In her late twenties, she suffers from a compounded sicknessthat was thought to be brought on by her taking care of Ethans mother and herabsorption of lifes burdens. In this story she is the unconnected character.The other woman is a young Mattie Silver, the cousin of Zeena and the septmaid of the Fromes. Mattie is about twenty-one years old and not too muchof a house keeper since she is small and weak and somewhat clumsy. Butnevertheless she caught the eye of Ethan Frome who would fetch her on nights oftown revelry, and with that grew a forbidden love. This is the conflict of thestory.In 1920, Grazia Deledda publish La Madre. Maria Maddalena is themother of the priest who, throughout the book, falls to the wayside undertemptation. She is a very old-fashioned woman as is the whole town.overprotective of her son, she helps build up the climactic theme of faith. Theother woman is Agnes, a well-to-do townswoman who is the object of the priestsbackslidden affair. Unlike Ethan Frome, in this story the characters ofconflict shift between the two women. Now lets look at the comparable likenessof the women in both stories.To look at Maria Maddalena and Zeena Frome in the same frame would notbe a far stretch. Both are very controlling and try to rule the lives of themen around them.

Essay --

Georgia PhinnTommie ByrdENG 101November 23, 2013 internal Violence Against Children What is domestic violence? According to the Minnesota Statue 5181B.01, domestic Abuse Act, defines domestic violence as willfully causing physical and bodily harm, assault and infliction of fear against a family member or first mate within a household(Jau, Lina, 1998). Domestic violence is a serious societal issue and it does not matter the age, the ethnic background, or economic place of that family. This paper will explore the causes and effects of domestic violence against children and the impact on a childs development through to adulthood and what sewer be done to rectify this societal issue. There are numerous causes of domestic violence against children. One of a main cause is excessive employment of alcohol or illegal drugs by an adult within the family as a factor in provoking violent and aggressive behavior towards children. A terrifying case and point is the trial of E ric Pratt. According to Lasting Wounds For Everyone But The Batterer (2000), Eric Pratt was sentenced 10 to 30 years for throwing his 2 year old daughter in a brick wall, knocking her unconscious and using his fist to knock out his daughters mother due to drug and alcohol induced hold of rage. One of the saddest part of this case is he was in complete denial at his arraignment. After investigations, it was discovered that Eric Pratt had a drug problem and the mother was awake of this problem and refused to leave the relationship. Another major cause of domestic violence against children is the high risk violent environment in which a child resides. For framework in Eric Pratts trial case, his wife Massie was aware of Pratt abusing alcohol and ... ... to domestic violence. The abusers need to be held accountable to the full extent of the law for their actions. Library DatabaseJau, Lina. What is Domestic Violence? Asian Pages 11. Nov 14 1998. ProQuest. Web. 22 Nov. 2013 . Milloy, Courtland. Lasting Wounds for Everyone but the Batterer. The Washington Post 0. Mar 22 2000. ProQuest. Web. 23 Nov. 2013 . Shah, Nirvi. Childhood Violence National Survey of Childrens photo to Violence. Education Week 22 May 2013 5. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.McCarthy, John, and Angela Alsobrooks. The Invisible Victims of Domestic Violence. The Washington PostFeb 17 2013. ProQuest. Web. 16 Nov. 2013 . Glazer, Sarah. Violence Against Women. CQ Researcher 26 Feb. 1993 169-92. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.Mantel, Barbara. Domestic Violence. CQ Researcher 15 Nov. 2013 981-1004. Web. 16 Nov. 2013.

Genesis And Theogony... Plagiarism? Essay examples -- essays research

generation and TheogonyPlagiarism?The handwriting of coevals is a compilation, and like every compilation it has a wide variety of contri furtherors who, in turn, have their individual influence upon the final work. It is no surprise, then, that there hold up certain parallels between the Theogony, the cosmogony of the early Greeks, and the Book of Genesis, the first part of the Pentateuch section of the Bible. In fact, arguments may be made that the extent of this borrowing, as it were, is not limited to Genesis the Theogony has its own roots in Greek novelology, predating the Book of Genesis by a thousand years. A superficial examination of this render would erroneously lead one to believe that Genesis is somewhat a collection of older mythology re-written specifically for the Semites. In fact, what develops is that the writers have addressed each myth as a separate issue, and what the writers say is that their divinity surpasses every other. Each myth or text that has a cou nterpart in Genesis solo serves to further an authorised idea among the Hebraicals there is but one divinity fudge, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The idea of a monotheistic religion is first evinced in recorded taradiddle with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously still document that will set apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. If we trace back to the first appearance of Genesis in written form, in its earlier translation, we arrive at 444 B.C. In order to richly comprehend the origin of the story we must venture further back in time. We can beat with the father of the Hebrew people, Abraham. We can deduce when he lived, and find that he lived around 1900 B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia. If we examine his world and its culture, we may find the reasons tin can certain references in Genesis, and the myth ologies of Theogony they resemble.      Abraham lived during a time of spectacular prosperity and a remarkably advanced culture. Homes were comfortable, even luxurious. We can also deduce that it was a relatively stable and peaceful society its art is characterized by the absence of any warlike activity, paintings or sculptures. Outside the cities the early nomadic tribes of Israel were, "taking with them the early ... ... Hebrew matinee idol is simply not measured or scaled He is an unknown quantity, set apart from the bounds of human knowledge. These similarities serve a involvement as a contrast to the differences between these religions. It would search that the writers acknowledged these other religions, and addressed each one by creating a god that surpasses all others. The god that creates himself is one of many the Hebrew god stands completely in his might. The god that created the world defeated another god, and formed the earth from the corps e in Genesis, God speaks and his words transform into actions. God exists before the exit He shapes to His will. The writers have then, in fact, minimized the actions of all other gods in comparison to one omnipotent deity such as this. By mechanical drawing comparisons to other texts, the message can be lost in attempting to find the roots of certain ideas. barely the origins of the stories are not nearly as important as the overall message being stated, and while the ideas they resemble may be old, the message is lightheaded and unique there is but one, and He is beyond all that is. His will alone suffices, and He predates even time itself. And that message has changed the world. Genesis And Theogony... Plagiarism? Essay examples -- essays research Genesis and TheogonyPlagiarism?The Book of Genesis is a compilation, and like every compilation it has a wide variety of contributors who, in turn, have their individual influence upon the final work. It is no surp rise, then, that there exist certain parallels between the Theogony, the cosmogony of the early Greeks, and the Book of Genesis, the first part of the Pentateuch section of the Bible. In fact, arguments may be made that the extent of this borrowing, as it were, is not limited to Genesis the Theogony has its own roots in Greek mythology, predating the Book of Genesis by a thousand years. A superficial examination of this evidence would erroneously lead one to believe that Genesis is somewhat a collection of older mythology re-written specifically for the Semites. In fact, what develops is that the writers have addressed each myth as a separate issue, and what the writers say is that their God surpasses every other. Each myth or text that has a counterpart in Genesis only serves to further an important idea among the Hebrews there is but one God, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The idea of a monotheistic relig ion is first evinced in recorded history with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously composed document that will set apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. If we trace back to the first appearance of Genesis in written form, in its earliest translation, we arrive at 444 B.C. In order to fully comprehend the origin of the story we must venture further back in time. We can begin with the father of the Hebrew people, Abraham. We can deduce when he lived, and find that he lived around 1900 B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia. If we examine his world and its culture, we may find the reasons behind certain references in Genesis, and the mythologies of Theogony they resemble.      Abraham lived during a time of great prosperity and a remarkably advanced culture. Homes were comfortable, even luxurious. We can also deduce that it was a relatively stable and peaceful society its art is characterized by the absence of any warlike activity, paintings or sculptures. Outside the cities the early nomadic tribes of Israel were, "taking with them the early ... ... Hebrew god is simply not measured or scaled He is an unknown quantity, set apart from the bounds of human knowledge. These similarities serve a function as a contrast to the differences between these religions. It would seem that the writers acknowledged these other religions, and addressed each one by creating a god that surpasses all others. The god that creates himself is one of many the Hebrew god stands alone in his might. The god that created the world defeated another god, and formed the earth from the corpse in Genesis, God speaks and his words transform into actions. God exists before the matter He shapes to His will. The writers have then, in fact, minimized the actions of all other gods in comparison to one all-powerful deity such as this. By drawing comparisons to other texts, the message can b e lost in attempting to find the roots of certain ideas. But the origins of the stories are not nearly as important as the overall message being stated, and while the ideas they resemble may be old, the message is clear and unique there is but one, and He is beyond all that is. His will alone suffices, and He predates even time itself. And that message has changed the world.

Genesis And Theogony... Plagiarism? Essay examples -- essays research

Genesis and Theogony plagiarism?The Book of Genesis is a compilation, and like every(prenominal) compilation it has a wide variety of contri plainlyors who, in turn, have their individual influence upon the final work. It is no surprise, then, that there exist certain parallels between the Theogony, the cosmogony of the early Greeks, and the Book of Genesis, the first part of the Pentateuch section of the Bible. In fact, arguments whitethorn be made that the period of this borrowing, as it were, is non limited to Genesis the Theogony has its declare grow in Greek mythology, predating the Book of Genesis by a thousand years. A looking examination of this evidence would err unmatchableously lead one to believe that Genesis is somewhat a collection of older mythology re- write specifically for the Semites. In fact, what develops is that the writers have turn to each myth as a unwrap issue, and what the writers say is that their deity surpasses every other. Each myth or text t hat has a counterpart in Genesis only dispenses to further an important topic among the Hebraics there is but one God, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The psyche of a monotheistic religion is first evinced in recorded history with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously composed document that will traffic circle apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. If we trace back to the first appearance of Genesis in written form, in its earliest translation, we arrive at 444 B.C. In order to fully comprehend the origin of the story we must venture further back in time. We fire begin with the father of the Hebrew people, Abraham. We can reason when he lived, and find that he lived around 1900 B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia. If we examine his world and its culture, we may find the reasons behind certain references in Genesis, and the mythologies of Theogony they resemble.      Abraham lived during a time of great prosperity and a remarkably advanced culture. Homes were comfortable, even luxurious. We can also deduce that it was a relatively stable and peaceful troupe its art is characterized by the absence of any warlike activity, paintings or sculptures. Outside the cities the early nomadic tribes of Israel were, " taking with them the early ... ... Hebrew god is simply not measured or scaled He is an unknown quantity, set apart from the bounds of human knowledge. These similarities serve a function as a telephone line to the differences between these religions. It would seem that the writers acknowledged these other religions, and addressed each one by creating a god that surpasses all others. The god that creates himself is one of many the Hebrew god stands alone in his might. The god that created the world defeated another god, and formed the earth from the remains in Gen esis, God speaks and his words transform into actions. God exists before the matter He shapes to His will. The writers have then, in fact, minimized the actions of all other gods in compare to one all-powerful deity such as this. By drawing comparisons to other texts, the message can be lost in attempting to find the roots of certain ideas. But the origins of the stories are not or so as important as the overall message being stated, and while the ideas they resemble may be old, the message is clear and unique there is but one, and He is beyond all that is. His will alone suffices, and He predates even time itself. And that message has changed the world. Genesis And Theogony... Plagiarism? Essay examples -- essays research Genesis and TheogonyPlagiarism?The Book of Genesis is a compilation, and like every compilation it has a wide variety of contributors who, in turn, have their individual influence upon the final work. It is no surprise, then, that there exist ce rtain parallels between the Theogony, the cosmogony of the early Greeks, and the Book of Genesis, the first part of the Pentateuch section of the Bible. In fact, arguments may be made that the extent of this borrowing, as it were, is not limited to Genesis the Theogony has its own roots in Greek mythology, predating the Book of Genesis by a thousand years. A superficial examination of this evidence would erroneously lead one to believe that Genesis is somewhat a collection of older mythology re-written specifically for the Semites. In fact, what develops is that the writers have addressed each myth as a separate issue, and what the writers say is that their God surpasses every other. Each myth or text that has a counterpart in Genesis only serves to further an important idea among the Hebrews there is but one God, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The idea of a monotheistic religion is first evinced in recorde d history with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously composed document that will set apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. If we trace back to the first appearance of Genesis in written form, in its earliest translation, we arrive at 444 B.C. In order to fully comprehend the origin of the story we must venture further back in time. We can begin with the father of the Hebrew people, Abraham. We can deduce when he lived, and find that he lived around 1900 B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia. If we examine his world and its culture, we may find the reasons behind certain references in Genesis, and the mythologies of Theogony they resemble.      Abraham lived during a time of great prosperity and a remarkably advanced culture. Homes were comfortable, even luxurious. We can also deduce that it was a relatively stable and peaceful society its art is characterized by the absence of any warlike activity, paintings or sculptures. Outside the cities the early nomadic tribes of Israel were, "taking with them the early ... ... Hebrew god is simply not measured or scaled He is an unknown quantity, set apart from the bounds of human knowledge. These similarities serve a function as a contrast to the differences between these religions. It would seem that the writers acknowledged these other religions, and addressed each one by creating a god that surpasses all others. The god that creates himself is one of many the Hebrew god stands alone in his might. The god that created the world defeated another god, and formed the earth from the corpse in Genesis, God speaks and his words transform into actions. God exists before the matter He shapes to His will. The writers have then, in fact, minimized the actions of all other gods in comparison to one all-powerful deity such as this. By drawing comparisons to other texts, the message can be lost in attempting to find th e roots of certain ideas. But the origins of the stories are not nearly as important as the overall message being stated, and while the ideas they resemble may be old, the message is clear and unique there is but one, and He is beyond all that is. His will alone suffices, and He predates even time itself. And that message has changed the world.

Political development Essay

There are many more important factors to human activity than leadership. Effective leadership helps our nation through times of risk and risky situations. In todays competitive world, leadership skills are crucial for both personal and professional development. Leadership is an important function of guidance which helps an individual or a business to maximize efficiency and to achieve goals. It makes a business and/or nonprofit organization successful. Leadership is a real important trait of management which helps an individual or a corporate business to maximize efficiency and achieve their goals.Leadership has different meanings to various people. or so commonly, leadership is also defines as influence, that is the art influencing others so that will strive willingly towards reaching goals. Political leadership is a more complex carry through by which the persons in power influence their followers, society, and the public to accomplish their touch on goals for the community. Political leaders are necessary for continuing and starting the process of adjustment and development in any society. It can be social or economic change and constitutional or political change.These leaders carry step forward the process of change by applying their skills and attributes like politically relevant beliefs, socially adored values, and approved character. Political development is an interactive, public-decision-making and learning process that alters the achievable set of options open to solving political problems within and between government and civil society, based on power creation and dispersion. This process leads to increasing individual and meeting autonomy from below from above.The study of Political Development can also be understood as the structures of the state in correspondence with the changes occurring in the preservation and social dimensions of group life. The concept of political development should be based on an open acknowledgement of the value of institutional autonomy and its relationship to pop values. Without any leadership and developing of societies, groups of human beings quickly turn into arguments and conflict, because we see things in different ways and lean towards different solutions.

Methods of intervention Essay

Any get up of mastery, for example leg or wrist restraints, should only be introduced later a multidisciplinary assessment, which includes consultation with service hirers their families and advocates. If used, they should be selected tutorshipfully to impose the least restriction of movement required to prevent harm while attempts should continue to be made to achieve the desired outcomes with less restrictive interventions.Carers who rescue received specific training in their usage should only use such devices. The rational for using any devices and the circumstances in which they may be used must be clearly recorded within an individuals anguish plan/ Positive Handling Plan.The Scottish neighborly Services Council have their own codes of practice for social service workers and employees.A quote from their handbook statesSocial Service workers mustRespect the rights of service users, whilst seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or othersThis is fo llowing a pattern from the previous value and standards mentioned, which stated clients can only really go so far, before a method of intervention has to be used.In the mid nineties, a form of intervention was introduced in Scotland, which is now widely practiced in the care industry.C.A.L.M (Crisis and Aggression Limitation Management)Various systems use a prone position in which to restrain. This can be face up, or face down. In this country, the face down position is usually used. In the case of CALM the prone restraint is only one of a hierarchy of responses. There has been growing anxiety about the use of prone restraint. It has been associated with deaths due to positional asphyxia, although other positions also have this risk associated with them. In the US, some states have banned face down prone restraint others have banned face up prone restraint. It is a method, which can compromise the dignity of both young person and staff. However, there is anxiety in some quarters tha t the removal of prone restraint may make methodsless effective.CALM Training Services are considering removing the prone restraint from their system.Certain methods of physical restraint include techniques, which include the deliberate use of pain to ensure compliance CALM does not.CALM is a training package which covers the management of difficult behaviour, and which contains, as one of its components, strategies for physical intervention, including physical restraint. In addition, when staff have been trained by CALM Training Services, they are then assessed as to how competently they can carry out the physical elements, and thereafter, if they get through an acceptable standard, they receive accreditation, which has to be updated annually.CALM is now the method of choice of a significant number of employers in Scotland and beyond, and is used in child care services, learning disability services, and mental health services.Physical restraint devicessuch as safety vests and jac kets, lap and wheelchair belts, and fabric body holdersmay be beneficial to endurings and their caregivers when used properly in settings ranging from nursing homes and hospitals to private homes.Used properly, restraints have many benefits for patients and caregivers in both institutions and homes. Restraints may help protect the elderly from falls, which could number in injury or even death. If absolutely necessary, restraints also can help make medical treatment easier if a patient is temporarily disobliging or highly agitated. If a patient is dangerous, restraints can protect other patients and staff from possible harm. Some patients feel safer and more secure, and need not pose about falling, if they use physical restraints.The method of restraining can be beneficial for many clients, depending on state of mind/health and situation at bring in time.A warning though putting a restraint on certain patients may actually worsen their condition. For example, a chronically agita ted patient may become more agitated with a restraint.

Airbus V Boeing

Airbus v. Boeing Unit 8 Case Study MT330-01 International Marketing Kaplan University Christina Olson November 14, 2011 Airline manu situationurers must compete with one other to be successful, and have the most birds in the sky. Boeing and Airbus are the two largest manufacturers for commercial aircraft, especi all(prenominal)y those used for long flights. Iberia Airlines wanted to purchase up to 12 injury red-hot jumbo jets from one of these manufacturers. Enrique Dupuy, Iberias CFO, set a price that he wanted the society to pay for the aircraft and then started a bidding state of war between the two super jumbo jet manufacturers.Negotiation between two major companies like Airbus and Boeing can make a marketing scheme very strong or the complete opposite, it can cause a strategy to crumble to pieces in an instant. Airbus and Boeing both have dedicated sales representatives, bight of Boeing and Leahy to their jobs very serious and developed a marketing plan like none other. T hese two gentlemen understood one important thing when it comes to marketing, plans must be able to adapt to change at any given moment. Prior to the beginning of the duologue Airbus had an advantage of Boeing.Iberia Airline were currently using the manufacturers largest plane (Michaels, 2003). Airbus had already established a solid reputation with the airline company. Dupuy was familiar with Airbuss resale guarantee, which was hard to beat by any other company (Michaels, 2003). Although Airbus had previous level with the airline company, Dupuy wanted to look at other manufacturers to get the best competitive price. Bright was personally contacted by Iberia Airlines to begin a negotiation movement in hopes that he would be able to meet the predetermined price set by Dupuy (Michaels, 2003).Brights marketing strategy was geared to the fact that these planes could save more money in the long run while earning more revenue. He not except explained to Dupuy Boeing 777 could hold 24 m ore sit down than Airbus which generated more revenue per flight (Michael, 2003). These aircrafts also used less furnish, allowing for expense to be dispersed to areas other than fuel (Michaels, 2003). Leahy did not let the extra set and lower fuel usage discourage him during negotiations.During the meeting with Dupuy, Leahy reminded Dupuy that Airbus guarantees resale value of all aircraft plus the lower initial cost of purchasing the aircraft (Michaels, 2003). He provided numbers of how oftentimes the company would save by keeping Airbus, the price of extra parts and pilot training (Michaels, 2003). All of these costs were expense that would save the airline company millions of dollars upfront. Despite the good marketing and negotiation strategies by both manufacturing companies, Dupuy was not happy.Dupuy set a price that he wanted the two corporations to meet, or he would look into purchasing used aircraft (Michaels, 2003). This made both men return to their home company and refigure the marketing strategies. Each company offered perks such as financing, nutriment discounts, and sufficient amount of parts. Negotiation between the aircraft manufacturer and the airline company was not an easy task. Each time Bright or Dupuy offered a new contract Dupuy rejected it asking for more discounts in price.He would also contact the other manufacturer, causing uproar to try to beat the prior suggested contract. The negotiation between Iberia Airlines and the manufacturing companies went on for over a year. Bright and Leahy were constantly adjusting their marketing strategy to fit the need of the airline company. These two men had to not only negotiate with the airline company but with the finance company and the company that makes the parts and engines (Michaels, 2003). It was a never ending task until Dupuy finally decided on which company enter into contract with.During the end of the negotiations, Dupuy stood firm in his set price he refused to settle. Boeing and Airbus had very strong marketing strategies that had to change constantly in order to not only meet the expectations of the buyer but to overcome the bid of the competitor. Even though Boeing had strong factors, such as the decreased fuel expense and increased income from more passengers, Airbus won the negotiation. Leahy was able to meet all of the expectations set by Dupuy, better financing, decreased price but most of all the guarantee return on sale of the aircraft for 20 years (Michaels, 2003).During the negotiation process both aircraft manufacturers were focused mainly on numbers. Another aspect of a marketing strategy should have been safety and consumer choice. Airbus was noted to have a system that not all pilots trust Fly-by-the-wire, causing planes to malfunction and plunge 100s of feet in seconds (Bland, 2009). Both of these factors can play a major role in how many passengers choose to fly with one airline company over some other(prenominal) because of the aircraf t used.Had either of the manufacturers used these two simple areas in their marketing strategy the negotiation outcome could have been different. Reference Bland, A. (July 1, 2009). The Big Question Why was another Airbus crashed, and is flying Becoming more risky?. The Independent, Retrieved from http//www. independent. co. uk/news/world/africa/ the-big-question-why-has-another -airbus-crashed-and-is-flying-becoming-more-risky-1726056. html Michaels, D. (March 10, 2003). Boeing and Airbus in the Dogfight to Meet Stringent Terms of Iberias Executives. The Wall passageway Journal Europe, Dow Jones & Co.

KeepCup Analysis

KeepCup Company is an Australia private alliance, who ar work in exporting reusable cups. KeepCup head office, which in Melbourne is recently exploring for the feasibility of introducing their product overseas to German. This blood report provides a business analysis and consideration about the external surroundings in German. The target of this business report is to facilitate KeepCup in order to help the company to desexualise decision for refineing their product exporting to German.The observation give go finished on the political, sparing, socio-cultural, technological and legal environment of German. Besides reporting the environment condition in German, this report provide analysis about the external environment in relation to KeepCup. In addition, this business report will highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats according to the external environment in German related to KeepCup. The recommendations on the suitability of this expansion will be based on the SWOT analysis.The report found that expanding the product distribution to German is a mature decision. The opportunities regarded to Germans external environment supersede the threats. The rapid growth in modern technology, highly economic growth, the socio-culture, also the political environment in German terminate be a convenience way for the company to operate in German. Also the similarity between Labor and Business police in German and Australia atomic number 18 considered as opportunities for KeepCup.The threat is contrasted in the nigh differences in socio-culture. However, it is recommended that KeepCup expand their business to German by exporting their reusable cups because of these findings regarding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for expanding to German. This business report will provide relevant and empirical information on the political, economic, sociocultural, technological and legal environments through out SWOT analysis that i mpact KeepCup for expanding their business to German.2. policy- fashioning environment Political Environment consists of the regimen system, stability, government relation and certain political policies. (Bartol and Martin 1998, 71)2.1. Government StabilityGerman has been using democracy ideology from over 60 days ago. This makes a recently, democratic lifestyle and culture is embodied and implemented by every citizen in German (Make It In Germany 2013. The supreme authority in German is divided into 16 Lnder and one central state. This kind of political government defined as a Democratic Federalist. Moreover, the stability of the government of German provides a suitable place for operating a business.2.2. Government Relation world-wide relation is important for a big nation such as German. German has been joining half a dozen different international organization, which be European Union (EU), United Nation (UN), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), OSCE, World Trade Or ganization (WTO) and International Monetary Fund (IMF). There ar two organizations, which be fight backing about trading relationship and the economic stability, WTO and IMF. With joining these two organizations, German has a good relation in politic issue particularly in the impertinent or international trade. German has been joining WTO since 1995, this makes recently German opens their economic for foreign investment (Tatsachen Ueber Deutshland 2013).2.3. AnalysisAccording to the stability of the government of German, also the friendly and global political relationship, German is a good place to open a business. These two Political Environment characteristics provide an opportunity for KeepCup because German has a suitable Political Environment for opening business.3. Legal EnvironmentLegal Environment contrasts about two major laws, business law and labor law (Bartol and Martin 1998, 71).3.1. Business LawGerman has a low level of corruption. This country ranks 13th within le ast corruption country based on the Corruption Perceptions 2012 (Transparancy International 2012). Open international businesses in German are free from teething restriction in the daily business. Overall, the business law in German creates no different or contrast between the local company and foreign company investment or the established company. Moreover, the reliable laws make the companies able to plan their investments in the effective way (Germany Trade and Invest 2013).Apart from it, the business law in Australia has their own Guidelines and effective and consistent decision. The aim of government regarding to the Guidelines is to give a positive impact to the business conduct for companies in Australia (Australian Government 2011). Similar with German, Australia also categorized as one of the world least corruption by 2012 (Transparancy International 2012). Australian Government is concerned about corruption. Moreover, people in Australia also considered corruption as a har mful perform for the environment (Bowman and Gilligan 2009, 438-452)3.2. Labour LawThere are three main intends according to similarity of the Labor Law in German and Australia. First of all, the legal works condemnation for employee in German is eight hours per day (Liliane Jung 2011). Compared with Australia, which is eight hours per day, both countries have the same legal working hour (Work Place Info 2012). Secondly, the minimum working age in German are strictly applied by the government for employees in German. Hiring children for working, is forbidden by the law as stated in the YWPA (Young Workers Protection Act).Children under 15 years old are non allowed to work (Liliane Jung 2011). The legal age for working in Australia is also above 15 years old (Lawstuff 2010). This makes there is no different between the legal working age in German and Australia. Thirdly, the working conditions in German are considered as a safe and obligated working environment. The companies in G erman have a great liability for a particular large mixer and community. In order to improve the working conditions in German, health and safety are considered (Encyclopedia of The Nation 2012). Same with the working conditions in Australia, health and safety are required by the government as stated in National Employment Standards (NES) (AustralianGovernment 2009).3.3. AnalysisAccording to the similarity about the Business Law and Labor Law in German and Australia, both of the laws provide good opportunities for KeepCup in order to expand their business to German. KeepCup can be easily adapted to the Germany Laws and regulations because they don not need to totally adapt with the laws in German.4. Economic Environment Economic environment includes the stability of business cycle, exchange rate and economic trends which include economic trends and growth (The Business and The Technological Environment 2008, 58-80).4.1. Inflation RateIn July 2013, the inflation rate of Germany is at 1.92 part. Since 1950, the inflation rate of Germany has been fluctuating with average rate at 2.49 percent until 2013. With this percentage of inflation rate, German can be considered as a good place for investment. The current inflation rate shows that the economic condition in German is in a good condition (Trading Economics 2013).4.2. Economic Trends and GrowthGerman is one of the heavily export countries in world (Trading Economics 2013). Since 10 years ago, the GDP of German has been fluctuating. From 2004 till 2008, the GDP of Germany was in positive number. Then in 2008 until 2010, there was an extreme decrease in the GDP of German which reached a peak at approximately -4.0. However, since 2010, the GDP of German has been going fluctuate at the positive number. Apart from it, recently the government of German is trying to maintain stability of GDP of Germany in the positive number. So, it can be a good condition for foreign investment in German, because they can make more (prenominal) profits if the economic condition in German growth (Randow 2013).4.3. AnalysisIn conclusion, both the inflation rate of German and also the economic trends and growth in German can be a good opportunities for foreign company to invest in German, particularly for KeepCup to expand their business to German.5. Socio-cultural EnvironmentSocio-cultural environment shows how the values of society influenced the working conditions (The Hofstede Centre 2013).5.1. The Cultural Dimension of Hofstede (The Hofstede Centre 2013)5.1.1. Power DistanceAustralia and German have a similar index of Power Distance. Both countries are considered as pathetic Power Distance countries. This culture creates a good leadership style between the managers and employees. Participative and democratic leadership are suitable for these two countries. Decentralized decisions making creates a good collaboration between team members and the leader.5.1.2. Individualism vs CollectivismAlthough the Individu alism Index of Australia and German is or so different, but both countries are considered as individuality country. Australia is more individualistic than German, it is considered as highly individualism country. Here people are more focused on their self-skills and individual performances. Moreover, Germany people are slightly more prefer to work as a team rather than working as an individual because the individualism in German is not as high as in Australia.5.1.3. Masculinity and Femininity Both Germany and Australian are considered as masculine. From the business point of view, people in both countries are more focus on performance in working and always try to do the best. Furthermore, with the masculine culture both people from these two countries are considered as hard worker.5.1.4. Uncertainty AvoidanceAustralia and German have different level of uncertainty avoidance. Germany can be considered as High Uncertainty Avoidance, whereas Australian is strength uncertainty avoida nce. With the certain laws and legal policies in German, shows that Germany want to creates certainty by providing details and avoid risks. In contrast, Australian likes to try new things. People sometimes like to take a risk for creating a strategy.5.1.5. Term of OrientationGerman and Australia have the same term of orientation which is Short Term Orientation. In business point of view, both countries are using fast strategy and have a measureable payback. They also make a decision based on the recent condition. synthetic thinking is using more than reach the consensus.5.2. AnalysisThere are three similarities and two differences between Germany and Australian socio-cultural based on Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Germany and Australian have the similarities in Power Distance, Masculinity and Term of Orientation. In contrast, German and Australian have the differences in individualism and uncertainty avoidance. However, these socio-cultural dimensions can be opportunities for Keepc up to invest in German, because the similarities are outweigh the differences.6. Technological EnvironmentThe technological environment reflects the current technological infrastructure and communication technology (Mosley, Pietri, and Megginson 1996, 82)6.1. Technological Infrastructure German is going fast in improving their infrastructure since last decade. Based on Germany Trade and Invest, now German is the second best quality of infrastructure in the world, because German has some good logistic infrastructures. First of all, is the Port of Hamburg which the second largest port container in the world. Secondly, are the over 250 inland ports which are providing an efficient logistic distribution. Lastly, is the Frankfurt airport which is the world seventh largest cargo airport and ninth largest passenger airport (Germany Trade and Invest 2011). These three logistic infrastructures creates a good opportunities and simplicities for foreign company to propagate their products to German.6.2. Communication NetworkCompared with Australia, German also has an ultra high speed internet with fiber optic network and also wide range of vigorous coverage. These modern communication network make the economic transactions and communications to national segment or even international segment easier and more efficient. (SAG Germany 2013).6.3. AnalysisThe sophisticated technology infrastructure and communication network in German provide an opportunities for KeepCup to do investment in German. The simplicity of the logistic distribution makes KeepCup easily to distribute their product among German. Moreover, the wide coverage area for communication network in German provides and easy way to communicate between customer to the company or company to company.ConclusionsBased on the SWOT analysis above, is highly recommended for KeepCup to expand their business to Germany. The strengths of KeepCup are greater than their weakness. This condition makes KeepCup can be easily to invest in German in this period of time. Moreover, it also supported by the opportunities that extremely overcome the threat that KeepCup will encounter. Is highly recommended for KeepCup to start their investment to German starting of all with looking for certain local caf to cooperate with them regarding to sell their reusable cups.9. Recommendations According to the weaknesses and the threat analysis, KeepCup will not be impacted with their weaknesses and threat in German. This happened because the strengths are overcome the weaknesses of KeepCup and the opportunities for KeepCup are outweigh the threat that the company will contend. These conditions provide three recommendations for KeepCup according to their plan to expand their business to German1. KeepCup should expand their business in this period of time.2. KeepCup have to eliminate the weakness overcoming them with their strengths.3. KeepCup need to avoid the threats by outweighing them with their opportunities.

Marketing and Product Essay

Your boss has just returned from a Senior Executive Workshop for Marketing Directors. He explains to you that the focus of the workshop was on the immenseness of the localisation statement to effective dodge development. Full of new-found enthusiasm, he asks you to prep be a short paper on touching for the next board meeting. He wants you to demonstrate the importance of positioning dodging to business success. Write that paperIntroductionSTP ( naval division, Tar forceing and Positioning) marketing is also called strategic marketing, involves finding correct division in which to market your return, identify the proper nates market and positioning the harvest-tide to create maximum profits. The most outstanding of STP marketing is find out exactly what pull aheads your intersection offers and who allow benefit most from utilize it.STP is grievous for marketer to create a competitory advantage and marketing syllabus intentional specifically for the guests who will be most likely to buy the harvesting. The STP process allows marketer to identify the correct segment to market the product and use the marketing admixture to maximize profits.Marketing Strategy Segmentation, Targeting and PositioningSegmentation, targeting and positioning are essential parts in the marketing strategy that evoke help gild to market their product better using the appropriate marketing mix. The following diagram illustrates the flavors and connection between these three grand plan that used by marketers to market their product efficiently. picDiagram 1 The main footmarks in market class, targeting and positioning Source Doyle and Stern (2006)SegmentationMarket consists of guests and customers vary from each new(prenominal). The variation are depends on factors such as resources, wants, buying attitude, locations and buying practice. Segmentation means dividing a market by certain criteria such as geographical, demographic, psychographic and behavioral. By div iding the market, a marketer ignore easily identify what type of segment is suitable for the chosen product and extensive market force out be divided into smaller segments which can be managed more efficiently and effectively.These criteria or variables that be used for segmentation are as follows(1) Geographic SegmentationIt refers to location including regions, continent, country, area size, village, city and the climate. A high society needs to put attention on variability of geographic needs and wants.(2) demographic SegmentationIt refers to measureable statistics such as income, age, gender, education, occupation, religion, nationality, race, language and family size. Its crucial to number the demographic factors while defining market strategy.(3) Psychographic SegmentationIt refers to a segment of lifestyle, personality, attitudes and prises. A segment having demographically grouped customers may accept different psychographic characteristics.(4) Behavioral Segmentati onOther than the above, another basis for segmentation is behavioral segmentation. This is the most favorable segmentation as it uses the variables that really close to the product itself. Buying status, buying role and user type are the common behavioral segmentation. about customersare stag loyal they tend to stick with their preferred speck.Effective segmentation is achieved when customers sharing the similar patterns of demand are grouped together, where each group different in the pattern of demand from other segments in the market. Basically, all the following have to be considered before segmentation (1) Measureable Able to measure in terms of possible customers in each segment which means it should be able to tell how many potential customers as well as how many competitors in the alike segment.(2) Accessible Able to reach selected market targets with its individual marketing efforts which means segment should be accessible d unrivalled any types of communication metho d and distribution such as transportation, distributors and internet. (3) Meaningful Able to differentiate preferences or needs and show view variations in market behavior and response to each designed marketing mix. (4) Substantial Able to lead to segments which sufficiently large to be economically and practically served as market targets with selected marketing mix.TargetingAfter segmentation, the next step is targeting. Targeting is the process of selecting a segment to aim. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2004), the following three main strategies that can be used to enter and exploit the segments.(1) Undifferentiated strategies (mass marketing) The aim of the strategy is to offer a elemental product that would suit and be used by almost all age groups and lifestyle. (2) differentiated strategies (segmented marketing) Focus on targeting dickens or more markets, each of them use different marketing programme. (3) Concentrated strategies (niche marketing) The lodge focus es on targeting a large share of one or a few segments. The niche marketing find outs the specific product features focus to satisfy specific market needs.Generally, targeting is depending on several factors as the followings The existing level of opposition and the ability to meet customer needs. The size of the segment (how large and how can it grow). The strengths of a company that can help to appeal a group customer (company reputation). The ability to communicate with the segment.Basically, the advantages of target marketing are Marketing opportunities and gaps will be more accurately indentified. The gaps can be the real thing slightly the product or how customers view the product emotionally. By indentifying this, an appropriate advertising message can be implemented in the minds of customers. Market and product appeals through the manipulation of marketing mix will be more suitable to the needs of potential customers. Marketing effort can be focus on the market segmen t which would be a potential for the company to achieve its goal and maximize the profit.PositioningAfter segmenting a market and thence targeting a customer, the next process is to position a product in the market. Positioning is slightly perception and creating the sign of the product in customers mind. In other words, positioning is about delivering the uncommon selling advantage of the product. Positioning is useful in order to understand what we can offer that the other products are not able to offer. On top of that, the customers needs and wants can be satisfied. . A product has to have a clear and distinctive image in the mind of the customer. This is exactly what positioning creates. Basically, the positioning strategy is mainly focusing on the following points Provide value to customer with the competitive advantage, strengths and distinctive competencies. Market segmentation readys the basis for focused strategies. Finding the bizarre selling proposition by distingu ishes a print from its competitors. Conduct epitome to study on internal, market & competitor.Positioning is the process of creating, the image the product holds in the mind of customers about the product. For example, Gardenia and FederalBakery both are in the bakery industry. Although Federal Bakery may try to compete they will still be seen as down market from Gardenia.Positioning helps customers understand what is unique about the products when compared with the competitors. Gardenia has been positioned based on the process of positioning by direct comparison with other competitors such as Italian Baker (Massimo) and Silverbird (Hi-5), and have positioned their products to benefit their target market. Most people create an image of a product by comparing it to another similar product and the image of that has been positioned by the customers about Gardenia is particularly on the variety that they offers and its healthy ingredients.The company can use set of Different (POD) a nd Point of Parity (PAP) in the effort to make a better positioning strategy. By using POD and PAP, the company would be able to see the difference and similarities between their products and competitors rat. Its important to establish the POD but its also important to decrease the competition by matching it on the POP.picDiagram 2 Point of Different and Point of ParityUsing Point of Different (POD) and Point of Parity (PAP) for Gardenia and its competitors in the bakery industry, the result are as shown belowPoint of Different (POD) Large variety of loots such as sunflower seed loaf, honey loaf. No preservatives and use natural ingredients.Point of Parity (PAP) Produce the basic thing like the competitors (loaf, bun). Some customers prefer to buy Gardenia than its competitor such as Federal Bakery, Massimo and Hi-5 because of the differences that other competitors cant offer. The variety of bread (other than normal white loaf) that they are offerings is not available with compet itors strike off and they also sellother things like waffles and muffins.The Importance of PositioningIt is important for a successful business to market itself right. through and through positioning, a potbelly of advertising money can be saved. Positioning is about communication of the boilersuit value proposition that has been created and maintains it to the customers. In order to be effective, the basic value proposition by the company has to be something relevant to the target market and it must be differentiated from the competitors. It must also sustainable and communicated clearly to that market. Therefore, differentiation at product, grime or company level is now been recognized as one of the key element of establishing a stable market positioning.The differentiating can be based on the features or attributes of the product (actual) or based on the image of the product (perceived). Differentiation can be done with different element of the marketing mix. It may involve the features of attributes that gives customers more benefits than the competitor or from the sword unique image itself.A good and quality product is not a guarantee to be success in the market. The most important is the product has to have a clear and distinctive image in the mind of the customers. This is the reason why positioning needs to be created.Positioning has to be managed at every aspect where customers have the contact with the company mainly in communication and telephonic interaction. This is one of the effective ways to avoid any bewilderment about the product in the mind of the customers.Positioning helps company to give a direction to their marketing plan. Prior to that, whats important is the company must develop it core competencies before announce to others what it can offer.picDiagram 3 Implementing Chosen Image and Appeal to Chosen SegmentPositioning is important when the company wish how its products to be viewed by customers. From here, the company can deci de where it wants to compete and it would be able to compete. The perception from customers is what they believe about certain product. The product competitive advantage not notwithstanding related to the features and attributes of the product alone, but also related to its perceived image.For example, Research In Motion (RIM), the company that produces Blackberry phone has chosen to position itself as the maker of Qwerty-Keys smartphone which enable to compose and read the e-mail better. Hence, RIM has done a lot through its advertising to promote the features.The perceived image of the product is very important if the company wants to compete in the minds of target customers. What customer believes or perceives are actually influence the purchase decision.A strong brand positioning direct marketing strategy by explaining the brand details, the uniqueness of the brand and its similarity with competitors brand in the market. Positioning is the basic strategy for developing and enha ncing the knowledge and perception of the customers. For example, Maybelline cosmetics represent youth and innervation to their target customers young girls who looking for affordable and quality cosmetics.A systematic positioning can create the brand identity and a proper brand image. The company can increase the market share and company profits if the right positioning used in their marketing strategy. Moreover, it can prevent the company making a wrong positioning.There are various positioning mistakes such as(1) chthonic PositioningUnder this scenario, customers are unable to get the clear idea of the brand. It happens when the company failed to present a strong central benefits and reason to buy the product. For example, MonaVie Inc is the company that markets a supplement in liquid form called MonaVie but many customers do not know what sort of product that they are actually selling. Some customers retrieve that they are selling normal juices.(2) all over PositioningUnder this scenario, customers have a limited awareness of the brand. It happens when the company makes the product too specific for certain group of customers and other customers may believes that the product is not for them maybe because of the high price or other reasons. For example, Uluwatu, a clothing brand from Indonesia has position itself as a grant Indonesian boutique although they are also selling medium priced clothes.(3) Confused PositioningUnder this scenario, customers have a confused opinion of the brand. It is because the company claimed two or more benefits that contradict each other. For example, Tutti Frutti claims that the company is serving a healthy and low fat frozen yogurt but on that point are certain top-hole which is from a preserved canned fruits that are not really good for health. Which is more important, the healthy aspect or taste ?(4) Doubtful PositioningUnder this scenario, customers do not accept the claims of a brand. Customers will doubt on the be nefits that the brand can actually deliver. For example, Garnier has market a facial wash that claims to be effective in making a skin fairer but no successful testimonial has been shown so far.The Approaches in Positing StrategyPositioning strategy can be genuine in object attributes, application, target customers and the characteristics of the product itself.These factors represent a different approach in developing positioning strategy. Once a company decides what approach to be chosen in positioning, it must start to communicate the message to the customer at every contact point. The following are the approaches to position strategy(1) Using Product Characteristics or Customer BenefitsThe characteristic of the product or customer benefits are the main focus in this strategy. For example, beat back vehicles are usually emphasized on product characteristic such as fuel economy, power and other features. Certain products are positioned along with more than single product characte ristics at the same time.(2) Using PricingSometimes, customers tend to relate the price of the products and the quality (price-quality). This is the perception that most of the customers perceive that expensive product is often to have a higher quality than a cheap one. This so called quality approach is important if the marketer wants to set a premium image in their product.(3) Based on Use or ApplicationIn this type of strategy, a second or third position is using to expand the brands market. By introducing the new uses of the product, automatically it will expand the brand market. For example, Milo for many years positioned itself as an energy make happy other than normal cho green goddesste drink.(4) Based on Product ProcessUnder this strategy, the product is associated with its users or a class of users. For example, Longines, a watch brand has appointed Aishwarya Rai as the product ambassador to develop a fashion and luxury image in their brand. In this case, the expectation is the model or celebrity will influence the products image by reflecting their image which communicated as a productuser.(5) Based on Product ClassSome products require critical positioning. For example, coffee powder needed to position itself with creamer or condensed milk. For example, Nescafe has positioned itself with the instant creamer.(6) Based on Logo / SymbolSymbol or logo is being used to differentiate their brands from other competitors. Using and implementing trademarks generally follow this type of positioning. For example, Malaysian Airlines logo which is traditional kites-wau logo can be recognized by many peoples.(7) Based on competitorsIn this strategy, one or more competitors are using as a reference. Basically, the similar positioning strategy used by the competitors or use a new strategy by taking the competitors strategy as the basis. For example, Celcom has published an advertisement that compares their services with other competitors such as Maxis and Digi u sing the competitors corporate colors.Brand Positioning Princess Shoes 1 of the most important things in managing a brand positioning is positively compare it with competitors brand in the mind of customers in target market. Its essential for the brand to communicate the key values of the products and the business.Princess is the Malaysian company which produces women shoes for the medium price market segment. Previously known only as a brand that only sells shoes for low income customers, but today its already expanded to medium price market segment.Princess has developed elements such as pride and fashion with their product and within its unique selling proposition. They are successfully building their own unique brand image and reaching their target customers. Their marketing objective is to reposition its brand (from normal shoes to high fashion shoes) and capturing new markets. The marketing strategy aimed to the follows salt away the new design which is more up-to-date Make c ustomers excited about the brand Create a sense of fashionable about the brand.Analyzing the marketing mix (the 4Ps) that they are implementing, basically its like the followsTarget Low and medium income women. Product Fashionable and comfortable shoes. Price Sell at affordable price. orchestrate Sell at shopping malls and shop lots. Promotion Uses internet and newspaper to announce their new products.ConclusionPositioning is how the target market defines the brand in relation with the competitors. Its what we called the brand identity.A brand is a relationship between the company and customers. When we form a relationship, we have to show who we are to our customers. Through positioning, the company should be able to communicate with the customers effectively and efficiently.One of the benefits of good business planning is strategic positioning especially in the modern homo where technology is improving from time to time and market grow constantly and become more defined. The mar keter can use the business plan with palingenesis and revision is done as and when needed,in order to keep track on the right positioning.The constant change in segmentation sometimes can happen. Take broadcasting industry as an example, 15 years ago we have not more than 4 conduct, now we have various channels under Astro. Therefore, in certain situation, some broadcasting companies have to review and revise their positioning in order to keep on being competitive in the growing markets.Even when a marketer involve in the process of choosing a brand name, create design, develop promotion strategy and define the pricing strategy, they have to remember the most crucial above all this are a good positioning.When defining a positioning strategy, the marketer should consider how the positioning makes the brand unique and more importantly, all the qualities can be perceived as value added by the target customers. For example, if one shoes brand is hand made from rare leather, how many c ustomers in the target market actually would see this as strength (in point of different). If they really see this as a unique point, then it can be used as positioning. Otherwise, being different cannot bring any special attraction no value added or benefit to the brand or customers. Indeed, the effort to branding a product is time consuming and positioning is just a first step to build a relationship with the customers.Before start with the brand positioning, the marketer have to see who are the competitors that already in the market before the unique positioning can be planned. By measuring the competition, the marketer would know whether the customers in the target market already satisfied with competitors brand or there is any chance for another brand can take advantage of. For example, if a new brand is going to be marketed although there are 5 brands already in the market, its really important for a marketer to think how to compete. Without a strong positioning, the product w ill be seen as imitator or copycat rather than a fresh new brand. The competitions allow the customers to know what they can expect from certain brand.The marketer should think how to compete by showing the different to the customers compared to other similar brands in the market. The key is to exhibit what the brand can offer as value added if the competitors have similar product offerings and know how to overcome them if the competition is too high.The purpose of market study is to help the marketer to realize what market and potential customers that they will targeted before making an investment. There are varieties of strategy that the marketer can use when determining positioning. The great thing about this is when the similar product or concept already in the market, the marketer can use a specific positioning strategy and identify the point of different. For example, 100 Plus is positioned as an isotonic drink brand focusing on active lifestyle while the competitor, Excel (an other isotonic drinks brand) is now positioned as cola flavoured isotonic drink. They are basically the same products, the base is same which is isotonic drinks, but each of them are focusing on different positioning that giving them a competitive advantage and unique identity.Having a good product does not guarantee success. Some great products failed in the market because they cannot position themselves correctly. A marketer should think about positioning before anything else like design and packaging.As a conclusion, the positioning strategy is a must if a product needs to compete in the market. The image that creates in the mind of customer will determine whether the product can be sold because that is one of the reasons before customer make a purchase. By having the comprehensive positioning strategy, the company would survive and more importantly to increase the market share and tap the profits.Bibliographyhttp//en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.ehow.com/info_8693419_stp-marketing.ht mlKotler, P., and Armstrong, G. (2004) Principles of marketing, 10th edition, N.J., Pearson Education.http//www.managementstudyguide.com/brand-positioning.htmCallin Gilliam(2010) Marketing Segmentation, Targeting and Posistioning ,p339http//www.ivoryresearch.com/nicole-johnson.php

Case Analysis: Staffing Wal-Mart Stores Essay

Wal-Mart has been ranked in the Fortunes list of the crystalise 100 companies to work for in the United States (Mark, 2003). Wal-Mart had increased their workforce from 1996 to 2001 by almost 50 percent, of which the percentage of wo custody decreased from 67 percent to 64 percent during this time. Wal- Mart had used a hierarchical human resources (HR) structure that consisted of several levels of manage man forcet, divisions, and regions. In 2001, management employees earned about $50,000 on average while hourly employees earned $18,000 (Mark, 2003). Wal-Marts course of study One had over 2,600 throw ins which were organized in five or six divisions, with five or six regions within their pr superstar area, and 80 to 85 stores within each region (Mark, 2003).Policies were set on a com entraper-based information system that employees could access at any time, along with watching videos on the companys history, and reading the associate handbook. Promotions were apt(p) based on performance evaluations and requirements. Certain allegations were made that Wal-Mart was to a greater extent male oriented in higher-level positions, and overall hiring more men than women. Wal-Mart created a goal to make the percentage of women employees 50 percent of the workforce.A bother exists in that Wal-Mart has fought off any organizing attempts of unions by their employees, which limits employees influence on policies and company processs. This problem filters down to the hiring and promotional process that occurs within the company. As tell in the case study, from date of film until first being promoted to an assistant manager was 4.38 years for women and 2.86 years for men. For store managers, the times were 10.12 years and 8.64 years respectively (Mark, 2003). From the numbers, men were promoted faster than women, but Wal-Mart states that promotions were given based on performance evaluations. Furthermore, it was stated store managers filled positions with lateral c rusades and waiving minimum requirements as a way of bypassing the process (Mark, 2003).Wal-Mart published documents to reflect how affiliated they are to fair practices. On the flip side, the public john now scrutinize Wal-Mart by using their public reports against them. A public article stated, women associates had stated that Wal-Mart supervisors told them that men were paid more be grow they had families (Mark, 2003). Included in the same article was a Wal-Mart official that admitted to writing that customers should feel as if they chamberpot trust Wal-Mart employees with their wife and their wallet (Mark, 2003).Additional information would have to be offered pertaining to the required practices and processs Wal-Mart has in place for the hiring of employees and promoting employees from within the company. Does Wal-Mart have a policy where an entry-level employee can be hired, and managers and supervisors are promoted from within the company? Surveys and reports taken from cu rrent employees for their thoughts on the numbers of men to women in various positions exit help with determining where and how dreadful the problem is. Why is Wal-Mart continuously voted one of the best companys to work for if there was a serious problem internally?Possible roots to the problem can range from having more People component part (HR) employees to oversee a smaller number of stores, to filtering public reports that may potentially create a disconfirming perception of the company. Implementing more People Division employees within each region will provide more attention to be given for each store. Wal-Mart looks to move towards making their employment equity record balanced. This is apparent when taking into consideration the numerous letters to managers to push for making the numbers of men to women more equal.Wal-Mart can filter applications submitted and have them separated and reviewed on an as needed basis on what gender is needed more at a specific store. di rect the applications per region based on specific qualifications and gender. Then rank the region and the stores within this region on which store needs more women or men employees.For promoting employees, a minimum requirements list should be associated with each job position. A series of events should happen for each promotion beginning with the supervising manager and terminal with the People Division Executive Vice President. Possible candidates are nominated and then screened by higher-level management along with those that apply. Only employees that meet all the requirements should be considered. Regional management will have the biggest influence on the hiring or promotion of an employee since they are ultimately responsible for that region.To be equal to all candidates applying for a given promotion, a turn up or jeopardy style game should be played and the winner is given first chance to take job. The test and game questions will pertain to company policies, job duties, and associate handbook information.Another solution would be for the employees to form a union. This would give the employees some force out to fight for their working rights. Unionizing the employees would give them some power to make sure all employees were treated fairly within their workplace. Adding more people to the People Division will increase employee expenses for the company. Also, the addition of more People Division employees will create more training to be done and could take People Division employees away from their daily responsibilities.On the other hand, the addition of more People Division employees could help with balancing out a gender issue and hiring more of one gender than the other. More People Division employees meaning that you can have more HR employees present at more stores at one time. This will help with moving towards employment equity faster and mitigating any problems quicker. This may be the best solution for Wal-Mart and maintaining their reput ation for being one the best companies to work for.As for the filtering of applications, having minimum requirements set for each job, and regional management having a large influence on the decision for who fixates promoted, this would all cause more attention for them. Filtering applications may already be done, but this can lead to being accused of discrimination. Wal-Mart stating that they urge their supervisors to correct any inequalities in the store that pertain to gender is already a basis for being accused of gender discrimination. A store has fewer women than men and the store hires women to balance it out. The men are being discriminated now. An employee of a specific gender is promoted to balance out the men to women ratio amongst regional and store managers. That is still discrimination towards the opposing gender. It would be a lose-lose situation for Wal-Mart.Holding a test and a jeopardy style game could be a viable screening act to allow the most knowledgeable, com pany savvy person to be first in line for the promotion. The questions will pertain to specific company policies, job duties and responsibilities, and associate handbook. The proscribe part of this would be creating a competitive environment that can distract employees from their job. Also, time would have to be taken to allow for the taking of the test and the performing of the game, and the possibility of several promotions at the same time would pose a problem.The formation of a union for the Wal-Mart employees would have great benefits for them, but possible interdict aspects at the workplace. Being unionized means that the employees would make less money due to union dues, but could have better benefits and more job security. Wal-Mart holds the power by sustaining unions out and keeping the power to make decisions without possible employee strikes.Hiring or implementing more People Division employees would play as the best solution for the problem. Increasing the amount of e yes the People Division have in the stores will help with the hiring and promoting of employees to be done quicker. Having more People Division employees means more time at stores and with employees educating them on issues at the workplace, company culture, and the processs that the company has in place. Rather than regional and area managers visiting either few weeks, there would be a People Division employee visiting a few times a week. The new People Division employees could put more policies in place due to the familiarity of the stores.These policies will be enforced more having the HR employee present more often. This could also alleviate the perception of customers and employees that hold men are promoted more based on their gender. Specific requirements are present with each job position and the best candidate for that position would get it. Performance evaluations can help validate a managers decision on which he/she nominates to be promoted. A man or charwoman who are both in the running for the same position, and they both meet the requirements and have similar performance evaluation reports, the person that has been with the company the longest will then be chosen.The article mainly pertains to the employment equity goal within Wal-Mart. Wal-Marts constant push against the employees unionizing has allowed them to expand, become the low price leader, and keep company costs low.ReferencesMark, K. (2003). Staffing Wal-Mart Stores, INC. (A) case study. Ivey Management Services. Mark, K. (2003). Staffing Wal-Mart Stores, INC. (B) case study. Ivey Management Services.

Dream Analysis Essay

Most of us fuck off at iodine time or another experience a hallucination, be it a nightmare or a pleasant walk in a forest. Either way, it was always believed that dreams encompass a coded heart that might be expressing our unsung wishes, things that happened in the past or even predict the future. In the past, in that location have been m any attempts to unravel the secret hidden behind the dreams and so far the world came up with three main theories of interpreting the dreams (Freudian, Jungian and cognitive)(Wade, Travis 1998).In this essay I will attempt to go bad my dream by using each of the theories mentioned above, then compare the consequents as well as their achievable connections to my life and in the end determine, which one of these theories is the intimately accurate and indeed as a laic may say the best one. However, I have never believed that my dreams have any meaning and in the course of this analysis I will try to prove that the Cognitive view alone off ers the virtu anyy reasonable explanation of my dreams. My dream had begun on a deserted shore. After a while, I was able to find a little cottage that belonged to a fisherman.I needed from him a boat in order to get to an island (it looked like a great mountain that was rising from the water and was covered with snow). All of a sudden, I sat in the boat with quaternary of my roommates as well as with my father and grandfather. However, only then have we found out that we do not have enough regimen to get to that island, so we turned our boat back to the harbor. Upon our return, we had gone into a forest that was covering almost all(prenominal) of the land that we were able to see. After a period of time, the length of which I was not able to determine, we have found an arbor and there were many deer running around it.But preferably of shooting any of them, I shot an old ugly strapper with six bullets. That was the end of my dream. The next day in the morning I wrote it gloo my as soon as I woke up. Sigmund Freud, in his famous book Interpretation of Dreams (1900) presented his new theories about determining the real meaning of our dreams. According to his book, our dreams in their core wreak our deepest wishes, desires and instinctual thoughts. However, as these dreams in their original form (latent contents) were unacceptable for our consciousness, the censor(an unconscious mechanism) shaped them into an acceptable and symbolic form (manifest content).These symbols may represent a condensation (combination of many components), a composite (combination of two components), a displacement ( air division of) or representation (substitute symbol) of latent (original) contents of a dream. However, Sigmund Freud used as well the technique of the free association in order to determine the real meaning of the dream, because sometimes it was not possible to do so by applying the dream work functions (condensation, composite, displacement, representation) only (Freud 1900).To be more specific about the process of analyzing any dream, Freud thought that only those objects and symbols are of signifi lott importance that we deflect as soon as few days pass by and our unconscious censor has enough time to erase them from our memory (Freud 1900). When I have compared the two versions of my dream (the one that I put d avow immediately after waking up and the other one that was written after four days) I found out that the following things and objects were omitted ?People that were in the boat with me ?Deer around the arbor?Six bullets (that I have shot the pig with) The fact, that these objects were omitted signified a fact that they are (from Freudian point of view) of significant importance. People that were in the boat with me were the ones I like and ask for an advice or help. The fact that they were in the boat with me could mean that I need them or perhaps that I will need them sometimes in the future. However, we can explain it overly in another way. Perhaps they are just slowing my boat down and so I cannot go towards my goals as fast as I would like to.If we take into consideration this explanation of these people in my boat, it could mean that in order to achieve my aims, I need to do it on my own and according to my own opinions. But the deer around the arbor is much greater puzzle than the objects discussed before. It could stand for friendship that I might need along my way or it could even represent a woman (who I will probably need in the course of my life). However, when I apply that outcome to my present situation, the first outcome (knowledge) is much more probably than the second one.Last things that I have omitted were those six bullets. Number six, according to the common knowledge in my country, is an unlucky number, therefore it could have stood for death, for bad luck or for a bad choice that I have made when I refractory to shot that pig and not the deer. It may signify that before I set out for my journey, I may make a bad closing that I will suffer from on my way to the mountain (pork is not as good as venison). However, my Internet source mentioned that number six symbolizes completeness and in some cases it may signalize a conflict in the future (Gifford).As it could be observed, there was used the method of free association in global in combination with the dream work function of representation. Nevertheless, all of these explanations could have been truth, but in their core they are too general and their meaning is sometimes too ambiguous. Therefore I would not consider the Freudian theory of dream analysis as an accurate way to analyze my dream and thus I may claim that it is irrelevant to use this theory in order to analyze any dream. The Jungian dream analysis is basically establish on the analysis of the most powerful image from our dream be it a place, person or even a color (Johnson 2002).Then there is used the method called amplification, when all of th e meanings that this image could have had are written down. In the next part of the Jungian dream analysis are all of these possible meanings shared into three main groups ( in the flesh(predicate), cultural, archetypal). Then the last step is to relate these meanings to the current problems or to the unexpressed aspects of personality (subjective analysis)(Wade, Travis 1998). In my dream the most powerful image had been the mountain that towered itself in the distance.It looked great and it seemed that it is not possible to get on the top of it and that was one of the reasons why I endeavored to get on the very top of it. As it was mentioned in the paragraph above, I have tried to find all of the possible meanings that the mountain might have and divided them into three groups A. Personal meaning challenge, goals, endeavors B. Cultural Meaning nature, strength, eternity, majesty C. Archetypal Meaning any task that an individual is facing (Gifford) Accordingly to the last part of J ungs analysis, I tried to relate all of the words mentioned in each of those groups to my personal and present life.However, the cultural meaning as well as the archetypal of the word mountain did not appear to have any connection with my person and therefore I focused mostly on the personal meaning of this word. As it was mentioned in the group A. , mountain represents to me a challenge, exertion of efforts in order to achieve my goals and aims. Also the Internet provided me with an archetypal meaning that was correspondent to the associations mentioned in the group of personal meaning words. It pointed out that this picture might symbolize a task that I am facing at the aftermath or that I will encounter in the future (Gifford).At the moment I am a student at the UNYP in the maiden year of the Bachelor Program. Naturally, in case that I want to achieve success, I have to work hard and try to do my best. As we can see, the personal meanings of mountain are really closely interco nnected with my present state and therefore we may claim that this dream analysis has provided me with an advice about achieving my goals in the future or at least(prenominal) at school. However, there is a need to ponder for a while about the way Carl Jung analyzes his dreams.When we take any object, be it a table or a water bucket, by constructive thinking and certain associations, we are able to come with all sorts of possible meanings that we can link with some specific part of our life. Therefore, we may say that this way of dream analysis is more accurate than the Freudian (because it has provided me at least with a reasonable advice about my future), but as we could see, the outcomes were too general form me to determine the real meaning of my dream and thus from my perspective is the Jungian dream analysis irrelevant. The last theory about the meaning of our dreams is called the Cognitive View.According to this specific approach, the dreams are just leftover memories, which are randomly reoccurring during our relief (Wade, Travis 1998). When I tried to find a picture in my memory that would be similar be to my dream, I came with an outcome that was perhaps not that surprising. During my life, I have really been in a boat near an island, which consisted from cliffs only, that towered high above the water surface. My father was there with me as well. This was just a one parallel between my past and my dream. I am sure that, if I will examine my past closely, I would be able to find all of the objects that reappeared in my dream.However, the only difference between my dream and the past was, that the dream, in my opinion, was not just an exact picture that mirrored that past, on the contrary it was a mix of past experiences that have reappeared in my dream. To sum up, the Cognitive View has provided me with a logical explanation in all details of my dream and therefore it is in my opinion better than the other two theories that were used in the previous paragraphs to analyze my dream To compare the usefulness and accuracy of both of these theories (Freudian and Jungian) and the Cognitive view, we have to apply them to our present state, to our past and future plans.As our psychology teacher Mike Johnson pointed out in one of his lectures The best interpretation (of a dream) is the one that has the greatest logical meaning and is mostly helping you to solve these problems. (Johnson 2002). From this point of view, the best logical and reasonable explanation of my dream has provided the Cognitive View, which, as it was mentioned in the paragraph above, assumes that all of our dreams are just leftover memories. In my personal opinion it is true, because I was truly able to find in that dream of mine certain aspects that belonged to my past.Of course, I am not claiming that the theories of dream analysis of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung that worked for decades are wrong, but in my case the outcome of these two theories was too general a s well as obscure for me to believe that they represent the best way of dream analysis. Freud, S. (1900). Interpretation of Dreams NY, New York. Gifford, T. (n. d. ). Myths Dreams Symbols. Retrieved October 15th, 2002 from http//www. mythsdreamssymbols. com/ Johnson, M. (2002). Lecture, General psychology, University of New York / Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. Wade, C. & Travis, C. (1998). Psychology (5th Ed. ) New York Adison Wesley.

Best Sample Size for Dissertations

Survey is now a basic tool in social sciences and in some fields of specialization which reliance is from the take procedures. Little or unacceptable knowledge will be gained if the model size is poorly designed and executed no matter how good the questions are and no matter how impressive the analysis is (Kalton, 1987, p. 4). The of the essence(predicate) question of how to determine the size of the attempt is vital for estimating the parameters (Singh and Chaudhary, 1986, p. 38). Our common sense would suggest that a thumping strain size will be better than a small one since an increase in sample size will decrease the sampling error.This is not always the case because, for example, having a broad sample size with a sampling frame with very similar types of respondents will just be a waste of time. Determining the best sample size will olibanum depend on the compromise of mulish constraints (i. e. money, time, ethical issues) and theoretical considerations. For the simplic ity of analysis, given that there are no practical constraints, the following are the rule of thumb 1. ) If the population is about 50 or less, it is best to sample the whole population 2. If you have to sample a population of 50 or more, then emphasise to sample around 30 and 3. ) If you will be using stratified sampling, aim to have at least five sampling units from each stratum or category (White, 2002, p. 65-66). With the load of work sermon requires researchers can not help but to consider the practical constraints. The credibleness of the study can thus be sacrificed so it must be the goal of the researcher to find ways to maintain credibility while considering constraints.Researcher bias is another issue that may hinder the determination and use of sample size because unless it is a purposive sampling, samples should represent the whole population as much as possible. For example, a bias researcher will decide a sample size that is easy for him to gather and that is panor ama for his/her desired results. There can never be a perfect or right sample size but there is always a best sample size depending on the record of your study and on the given population.

Twilight 19. GOODBYES

19. GOODBYESCharlie was waiting up for me. All the house lights were on. My consciousness was blank as I tried to destine of a centering to conciliate him let me go. This wasnt out(a)let to be pleasant.Edward pulled up slowly, staying wholesome sticker from my motortruck. All tercet of them were acutely alert, ramrod straight in their seats, listening to every sound of the wood, face through every shadow, catching every scent, searching for something out of place. The locomotive cut off, and I sat, motionless, as they continued to listen.Hes non present, Edward verbalize tensely. Lets go. Emmett reached everywhere to help me bulge out out of the harness.Dont worry, Bella, he said in a low plainly cheerful voice, well take care of things here quickly.I matt-up moisture filling up my eye as I looked at Emmett. I barely knew him, and yet, somehow, not knowing when I would wait him again after tonight was anguishing. I knew this was middling a faint taste of the good byes I would fuck off to survive in the contiguous hour, and the thought make the crying begin to spill.Alice, Emmett. Edwards voice was a command. They slithered soundlessly into the unsungness, instantly disappearing. Edward opened my inlet and took my hand, consequently move me into the protecting enclosure of his ramp up. He walked me swiftly toward the house, eyes always roving through the night.Fifteen infinitesimals, he warned under his breath.I sack do this. I sniffled. My tears had given me an inspiration.I stopped on the porch and took hold of his face in my turn over. I looked fiercely into his eyes.I love you, I said in a low, intense voice. I leave behind always love you, no matter what slip bys now. nonhing is t iodine arresting to happen to you, Bella, he said just as fiercely. only when follow the externalise, okay? Keep Charlie strong for me. Hes not going to like me very much after this, and I want to have the line up to apologize later.Get inside, Bella. We have to hurry. His voice was urgent.One to a greater extent thing, I whispered passionately. Dont listen to other(prenominal) word I say tonight He was leaning in, and so all I had to do was stretch up on my toes to kiss his surprised, frozen lips with as much force as I was cap competent of. Then I off-key and kicked the door open.Go off, Edward I yelled at him, political campaign inside and slamming the door shut in his unbosom-shocked face.Bella? Charlie had been hovering in the living room, and he was already on his feet. conk me alone I predicted at him through my tears, which were flowing relentlessly now. I ran up the stairs to my room, throwing the door shut and locking it. I ran to my bed, flinging myself on the floor to retrieve my duffel bag. I reached swiftly mingled with the mattress and box spring to grab the knotted old sock that contained my secret cash hoard.Charlie was pounding on my door.Bella, are you okay? Whats going on? His voice was frighten ed.Im going borne, I shouted, my voice kiboshing in the perfect spot.Did he hurt you? His tone edged toward anger.No I shrieked a few octaves higher. I turned to my dresser, and Edward was already there, silently yanking out armfuls of random clothes, which he proceeded to throw to me.Did he break up with you? Charlie was perplexed.No I yelled, slightly more breathless as I shoved everything into the bag. Edward threw another drawers content at me. The bag was pretty much full now.What happened, Bella? Charlie shouted through the door, pounding again.I skint up with him I shouted back, jerking on the zipper of my bag. Edwards capable hands pushed mine away and zipped it smoothly. He put the strap carefully over my arm.Ill be in the truck go he whispered, and pushed me toward the door. He vanished out the window.I unlocked the door and pushed past Charlie roughly, struggling with my heavy bag as I ran depressed the stairs.What happened? he yelled. He was right behind me. I thoug ht you liked him.He caught my elbow in the kitchen. Though he was still bewildered, his grip was firm.He spun me some to look at him, and I could see in his face that he had no intention of letting me leave. I could think of only one way to escape, and it involved hurting him so much that I hated myself for all the same considering it. barely I had no time, and I had to keep him practiced.I glared up at my father, fresh tears in my eyes for what I was about to do.I do like him thats the problem. I cant do this any longer I cant put dispirited any more roots here I dont want to end up trapped in this stupid, boring town like Mom Im not going to make the same dumb mistake she did. I hate it I cant stay here another minuteHis hand dropped from my arm like Id electrocuted him. I turned away from his shocked, go againsted face and questioned for the door.Bells, you cant leave now. Its nighttime, he whispered behind me.I didnt turn around. Ill sleep in the truck if I get tired.Ju st wait another week, he pled, still shell-shocked. Ren?e will be back by then.This whole derailed me. What?Charlie continued eagerly, almost babbling with relief as I hesitated. She called while you were out. Things arent going so well in Florida, and if Phil doesnt get signed by the end of the week, theyre going back to Arizona. The assistant coach of the Sidewinders said they might have a spot for another shortstop.I shook my head, trying to reassemble my now-conf utilize thoughts. both passing second put Charlie in more danger.I have a key, I muttered, good turn the knob. He was too close, one hand extended toward me, his face dazed. I couldnt lose any more time arguing with him. I was going to have to hurt him further.Just let me go, Charlie. I repeat my mothers last words as shed walked out this same door so many years ago. I said them as angrily as I could manage, and I threw the door open. It didnt work out, okay? I really, really hate ForksMy cruel words did their job Charlie stayed frozen on the doorstep, stunned, while I ran into the night. I was hideously frightened of the empty yard. I ran wildly for the truck, visualizing a dark shadow behind me. I threw my bag in the bed and wrenched the door open. The key was waiting in the ignition.Ill call you tomorrow I yelled, wishing more than anything that Icould explain everything to him right then, knowing I would never be able to. I gunned the engine and peeled out.Edward reached for my hand.Pull over, he said as the house, and Charlie, disappeared behind us.I can drive, I said through the tears pouring down my cheeks.His long hands unexpectedly gripped my waist, and his pluck pushed mine off the gas pedal. He pulled me across his lap, wrenching my hands free of the wheel, and suddenly he was in the drivers seat. The truck didnt swerve an inch.You wouldnt be able to find the house, he explained.Lights flared suddenly behind us. I stared out the back window, eyes wide with horror.Its just Alice, h e reassured me. He took my hand again.My reason was filled with the image of Charlie in the doorway. The tracker?He acquired the end of your performance, Edward said grimly.Charlie? I selected in dread.The tracker followed us. Hes runnel behind us now.My body went cold.Can we outrun him?No. But he sped up as he spoke. The trucks engine whined in protest.My plan suddenly didnt feel so brilliant anymore.I was gross(a) back at Alices headlights when the truck shuddered and a dark shadow sprung up outside the window.My bloodcurdling scream lasted a fraction of a second before Edwards hand clamped down on my mouth.Its EmmettHe released my mouth, and wound his arm around my waist.Its okay, Bella, he promised. Youre going to be safe.We raced through the quiet town toward the north highway.I didnt realize you were still so bored with small-town lifespan, he said conversationally, and I knew he was trying to upset me. It seemed like you were adjusting fairly well especially recently. Maybe I was just flattering myself that I was qualification life more interesting for you.I wasnt world nice, I confessed, ignoring his attempt at diversion, looking down at my knees. That was the same thing my mom said when she left him. You could say I was hitting down the stairs the belt.Dont worry. Hell forgive you. He smiled a little, though it didnt touch his eyes.I stared at him desperately, and he saw the defenseless panic in my eyes.Bella, its going to be all right.But it wont be all right when Im not with you, I whispered.Well be together again in a few days, he said, tightening his arm around me. Dont forget that this was your idea.It was the best idea of course it was mine.His answering smile was bleak and disappeared immediately.Why did this happen? I asked, my voice catching. Why me?He stared blackly at the road ahead. Its my fault I was a flash to expose you like that. The rage in his voice was directed internally.Thats not what I meant, I insisted. I was ther e, big deal. It didnt bother the other two. Why did this James decide to kill met Therere people all over the place, why me?He hesitated, thinking before he answered.I got a good look at his mind tonight, he began in a low voice. Im not sure if theres anything I could have make to avoid this, once he saw you. It is partially your fault. His voice was wry. If you didnt smell so appallingly luscious, he might not have bothered. But when I defended you well, that made it a lot worse. Hes not used to being thwarted, no matter how insignificant the object. He thinks of himself as a extender and nothing else. His introduction is consumed with tracking, and a challenge is all he asks of life. Suddenly weve presented him with a beautiful challenge a greathearted order of strong fighters all bent on protecting the one vulnerable element. You wouldnt believe how elated he is now. Its his favorite game, and weve just made it his most exciting game ever. His tone was full of disgust.He p aused a moment. But if I had stood by, he would have killed you right then, he said with hopeless frustration.I thought I didnt smell the same to the others as I do to you, I said hesitantly.You dont. But that doesnt mean that you arent still a temptation to every one of them. If you had appealed to the tracker or any of them the same way you appeal to me, it would have meant a fight right there.I shuddered.I dont think I have any choice nevertheless to kill him now, he muttered. Carlisle wont like it.I could hear the tires cross the bridge, though I couldnt see the river in the dark. I knew we were getting close. I had to ask him now.How can you kill a vampire?He glanced at me with unreadable eyes and his voice was suddenly harsh. The only way to be sure is to tear him to shreds, and then burn the pieces.And the other two will fight with him?The adult female will. Im not sure about Laurent. They dont have a very strong bond hes only with them for convenience. He was low by Ja mes in the meadowBut James and the woman theyll try to kill you? I asked, my voice raw.Bella, dont you dare waste time worrying about me. Your only concern is keeping yourself safe and please, please trying not to be reckless.Is he still following?Yes. He wont attack the house, though. Not tonight.He turned off onto the invisible drive, with Alice following behind.We drove right up to the house. The lights inside were bright, solely they did little to alleviate the blackness of the encroaching forest. Emmett had my door open before the truck was stopped he pulled me out of the seat, tucked me like a football into his vast chest, and ran me through the door.We burst into the large black-and-blue room, Edward and Alice at our sides. All of them were there they were already on their feet at the sound of our approach. Laurent stood in their midst. I could hear low growls rumble deep in Emmetts throat as he set me down next to Edward.Hes tracking us, Edward announced, glaring baleful ly at Laurent.Laurents face was unhappy. I was afraid of that.Alice danced to Jaspers side and whispered in his ear her lips quivered with the speed of her silent speech. They flew up the stairs together. Rosalie watched them, and then moved quickly to Emmetts side. Her beautiful eyes were intense and when they flickered unwillingly to my face furious.What will he do? Carlisle asked Laurent in chilling tones.Im sorry, he answered. I was afraid, when your boy there defended her, that it would set him off.Can you stop him?Laurent shook his head. Nothing stops James when he gets started.Well stop him, Emmett promised. There was no doubt what he meant.You cant bring him down. Ive never seen anything like him in my three hundred years. Hes absolutely lethal. Thats why I joined his coven.His coven, I thought, of course. The show of leadership in the clarification was merely that, a show.Laurent was shaking his head. He glanced at me, perplexed, and back to Carlisle. Are you sure its d eserving it?Edwards ferocious roar filled the room Laurent cringed back.Carlisle looked gravely at Laurent. Im afraid youre going to have to make a choice.Laurent understood. He deliberated for a moment. His eyes took in every face, and finally swept the bright room.Im intrigued by the life youve created here. But I wont get in the middle of this. I bear none of you any enmity, but I wont go up against James. I think I will head north to that clan in Denali. He hesitated. Dont underestimate James. Hes got a brilliant mind and unparalleled senses. Hes every bit as comfortable in the human world as you seem to be, and he wont come at you head on Im sorry for whats been unleashed here. Truly sorry. He bowed his head, but I saw him flicker another puzzled look at me.Go in peace, was Carlisles formal answer.Laurent took another long look around himself, and then he hurried out the door.The silence lasted less than a second.How close? Carlisle looked to Edward.Esme was already paltry h er hand touched(p) an inconspicuous keypad on the wall, and with a groan, huge metal shutters began sealing up the glass wall. I gaped.About three miles out past the river hes circling around to meet up with the female.Whats the plan?Well lead him off, and then Jasper and Alice will run her south.And then?Edwards tone was deadly. As soon as Bella is clear, we hunt him.I guess theres no other choice, Carlisle agreed, his face grim.Edward turned to Rosalie.Get her upstairs and trade clothes, Edward commanded. She stared back at him with livid disbelief.Why should I? she hissed. What is she to me? Except a menace a danger youve elect to inflict on all of us.I flinched back from the venom in her voice.Rose Emmett murmured, putting one hand on her shoulder. She shook it off.But I was watch Edward carefully, knowing his temper, worried about his reaction.He surprised me. He looked away from Rosalie as if she hadnt spoken, as if she didnt exist.Esme? he asked calmly.Of course, Esme murm ured.Esme was at my side in half a heartbeat, swinging me up easily into her arms, and dashing up the stairs before I could heave in shock.What are we doing? I asked breathlessly as she set me down in a dark room somewhere off the second-story hall.Trying to confuse the smell. It wont work for long, but it might help get you out. I could hear her clothes falling to the floor.I dont think Ill fit I hesitated, but her hands were abruptly pulling my shirt over my head. I quickly stripped my jeans off myself. She handed me something, it felt like a shirt. I struggled to get my arms through the right holes. As soon as I was done she handed me her slacks. I yanked them on, but I couldnt get my feet out they were too long. She deftly rolled the hems a few times so I could stand. Somehow she was already in my clothes. She pulled me back to the stairs, where Alice stood, a small leather bag in one hand. They each grabbed one of my elbows and half-carried me as they flew down the stairs.It appeared that everything had been settled downstairs in our absence. Edward and Emmett were ready to leave, Emmett carrying a heavy-looking backpack over his shoulder. Carlisle was handing something small to Esme. He turned and handed Alice the same thing it was a tiny silver cell auditory sensation.Esme and Rosalie will be victorious your truck, Bella, he told me as he passed. I nodded, glancing warily at Rosalie. She was glowering at Carlisle with a restiff expression.Alice, Jasper take the Mercedes. Youll need the dark tint in the south.They nodded as well.Were taking the Jeep.I was surprised to see that Carlisle intended to go with Edward. I realized suddenly, with a stab of fear, that they made up the hunting party.Alice, Carlisle asked, will they take the bait?Everyone watched Alice as she closed her eyes and became incredibly still.Finally her eyes opened. Hell track you. The woman will follow the truck. We should be able to leave after that. Her voice was certain.Lets go. Carlisle began to walk toward the kitchen.But Edward was at my side at once. He caught me up in his iron grip, crushing me to him. He seemed unaware of his watching family as he pulled my face to his, lifting my feet off the floor. For the shortest second, his lips were icy and hard against mine. Then it was over. He set me down, still holding my face, his glorious eyes burning into mine.His eyes went blank, curiously dead, as he turned away.And they were gone.We stood there, the others looking away from me as the tears streaked noiselessly down my face.The silent moment dragged on, and then Esmes phone vibrated in her hand. It flashed to her ear.Now, she said. Rosalie stalked out the front door without another glance in my direction, but Esme touched my cheek as she passed.Be safe. Her whisper lingered behind them as they slipped out the door. I heard my truck start thunderously, and then fade away.Jasper and Alice waited. Alices phone seemed to be at her ear before it buzzed.E dward says the woman is on Esmes trail. Ill get the car. She vanished into the shadows the way Edward had gone.Jasper and I looked at each other. He stood across the length of the entryway from me being careful.Youre wrong, you know, he said quietly.What? I gasped.I can feel what youre feeling now and you are worth it.Im not, I mumbled. If anything happens to them, it will be for nothing.Youre wrong, he repeated, smiling kindly at me.I heard nothing, but then Alice stepped through the front door and came toward me with her arms held out.May I? she asked.Youre the first one to ask permission. I smiled wryly.She lifted me in her slender arms as easily as Emmett had, shielding me protectively, and then we flew out the door, leaving the lights bright behind us.