Health Promotion Intervention Plan: Hepatitis B

Health Promotion interposition Plan Hepatitis BIntroductionThe principal arrive at of illness and death all over the world are due to the infectious sicknesss. There is a continuous rise in the challenge of improving the efforts to encounter the health threats caused by the microbes. The challenge to encumber and avow the disease is due to the ability of the microbes to evolve and adapt to the changing environment, populations, technologies, and practices. The impact of infectious diseases in developing countries reduced survival rates in children, and diminished economic growth and development. There were concerns in health and economic areas of developed countries due to the infectious diseases. The endemic, resurgent, and new diseases result in enormous trauma and death. They also cause huge financial losses in the surface area. To protect the country from infectious diseases, it is unavoidable to develop and implement comprehensive health policies that are evidence-based, and the health of the vulnerable populations should be taken care. The country has to develop collaboration with the global fragmentners to control further outbreaks inside the country and spread of the disease crosswise the borders (CDC framework for preventing infectious diseases, 2011).Among the evidence-based visions for the health promotion issue, immunization and infectious diseases, and global health, an outline of 2011 morbidity and mortality weekly report is discussed here. The report focuses on the risk of Hepatitis B transmittal in mass with diabetes mellitus. The report also talks about mortality rate, control measures of the infection, the efficiency of the vaccinum, and the method of administering the vaccinum (Evidence-based resource summary, 2011). A chronic or cunning infection of the liver by hepatitis B virus (HBV) leads to mortality. Since 1996, 29 outbreaks of HBV infection occurred in more than one long-term checkup care facilities of United States. T he long-term medical care (LTC) facilities included nursing homes and assisted living areas. The above information was reported to the common snapping turtle for disease control and prevention (CDC). Among 29, 25 were associated with adults suffering from diabetes (MMWR, 2011).Infection and its ControlThe group of concourse with diabetes at higher(prenominal) risk for Hepatitis B infection was reported to consist of 865 cases in the year 2009-2010. This number was estimated from eight infection programs and it occupies 17 percent of the US population. The risk analysis was evaluated for those above 23 years of age. The guidelines for infection control mainly conveyed safe blood glucose monitoring and these were gettable since 1990. The guidelines for HBV control targeting the LTC atmosphere were published in 2005 (MMWR, 2005). rating of the HBV vaccine interventionTwo recombinant Hepatitis B vaccines were generated from a single antigen. They were Recombivax HB and Engerix-B. A c ombination of hepatitis A and B vaccine called Twinrix was made available in the United States. Vaccine for hepatitis B virus is available in US since 1982. Evaluation is associated with checking the efficiency of the intervention program. Evaluation can be done in formative and summative methods. Formative evaluation is conducted during the development and implementation of the intervention program while summative is done when the program is established and giving its results. The former method helps in improving the intervention and the latter(prenominal) helps in identifying the extent of the outcome achieved by the intervention (CDCs healthy communities program, nd).Hepatitis B Vaccine InterventionFormative evaluation Intramuscular administration of three doses of this vaccine is done at 0, 1 and 6 months. The adults getting seroprotection from hepatitis B surface antigen, after receiving three doses gradually decrease with age, smoking, immunosuppression, obesity, comorbid co nditions like diabetes (MMWR, 2011). The antibody responses for the diabetics were found to be reduced than the non-diabetics. The research studies have revealed that greater than 90 percent of adults (Summative evaluation Hepatitis B vaccine (dosage 1) administered to 70 million people in United States between 1982 and 2004 had common side effects of wo(e) at the injection site and mild increase in the body temperature. In some of the placebo-controlled studies, people receiving the vaccine were not frequently getting the side effects than people taking a placebo. This vaccine is contraindicated for people with the history of hypersensitivity to yeast and other vaccine components. It is not contraindicated in those suffering from autoimmune diseases, ninefold sclerosis, pregnant or lactating women and other chronic diseases. Additional dosages of the vaccine are not prone to those who had serious side effects like anaphylaxis after taking the first series of doses. A quick pro tective immunity against significant infection is provided by the booster dose of HepB vaccine which is administered after the chief(a) vaccination series. The number of people with vaccine-induced seroprotection increased when revaccination of greater than one dose of HepB vaccine was administered for the nonresponses (MMWR, 2006).ConclusionHepatitis B vaccine can be given to any individual of any age. But, recently these vaccines are not considered as efficient and cost effective for older adults. According to the approvals of the committee on immunization practices, HepB vaccine should be administered to unvaccinated adults having diabetes mellitus, aged between 19 and 59 years. However, evidence has shown that increased risk of acute HBV infection in diabetic adults aged more than 60 years was not so salutary than in young people with diabetes (Evidence-based resource summary, 2011).ReferencesBuilding our understanding Key concepts of evaluation, what is it and how do you do i t? Creating a culture of healthy living. CDCs healthy communities program. Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/eval_planning.pdfCDC. (2006). A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate infection of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part II immunization of adults. MMWR, 55(No. RR-16). Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6210a1.htmCDC. (2005). Transmission of Hepatitis B virus among persons undergoing blood glucose monitoring in long-term facilities Mississippi, North Carolina, and Los Angeles county, California, 2003-2004. MMWR, 54, 220-3.Leuridan, E., Van Damme, P. (2011). Hepatitis B and the need for a booster dose. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 53, 6875. train H. Sawyer et.al, (December, 2011). Use of Hepatitis B Vaccination for Adults with Diabetes Mellitus Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immun ization Practices (ACIP). Morbidity and fatality rate Weekly Report (MMWR). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 60(50), 1709-1711. Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6050a4.htmThomas, R. F., Rima, F. K., deputy director for infectious diseases, Center for disease control and prevention Kevin M. De Cock, F.R.C.P Director, Center for global health. (October 2011). A CDC Framework for preventing infectious diseases. Sustaining the essentials and Innovating for the future. Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/oid/docs/ID-Framework.pdfUse of Hepatitis B Vaccination for adults with diabetes mellitus recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). (2011). Evidence-based resource summary. HealthyPeople.gov. Retrieved from http//www.healthypeople.gov/2020/tools-resources/evidence-based-resource/use-of-hepatitis-b-vaccination-for-adults-with-diabetes